This page is also continued from Intro >>>> Jurisdiction >>>> State Court:
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county court:
(16c)
1. A court with powers and jurisdiction dictated by a state constitution or statute. * The county court may govern administrative or judicial matters, depending on state law. — akaparish court. (in Latin)curia comitatus.
2. See probate court. [1]
county courts:
1. Actually a state court, that is, a part of a state’s judicial system. The jurisdiction of county courts varies from state to state with respect to the type of cases they are empowered to hear; however, the territorial jurisdiction of a county court is generally limited to the geographical boundaries of the county in which it is located. Many county courts are their state’s trial courts.
See original jurisdiction. [2]
References:
Disclaimer: All material throughout this website is pertinent to people everywhere, and is being utilized in accordance with Fair Use.
[1]: Black’s Law Dictionary Deluxe Tenth Edition by Henry Campbell Black & Editor in Chief Bryan A. Garner. ISBN: 978-0-314-62130-6
[2]: Ballantine’s Law Dictionary Legal Assistant Edition by Jack Ballantine (James Arthur 1871-1949). Doctored by Jack G. Handler, J.D. © 1994 Delmar by Thomson Learning. ISBN 0-8273-4874-6.
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Have you ever thought about the fact that most County governments became established several years – even decades– before States were formed? For one of many examples, Morton County (North Dakota)[1] was originally created in 1873.[2][3] North Dakota, however, did not become a State until several years later in 1889! When the North Dakota State Constitution became adopted, Article VII Section 3 defined counties such as Morton, Emmons (created in 1879 by Territorial Legislature[4]), & many others as “Political Subdivisions”, & then adopted them into the State “as they now exist”- shown verbatim: “The several counties of the state of North Dakota as they now exist are hereby declared to be counties of the state of North Dakota.“[5] Due to the fact that the several counties throughout Dakota Territory (1861-1889) were previously organized as Corporations (see Morton County, & many other counties, listed today as a “Corporation” on Dun & Bradstreet Creditability Corp’s website: www.dandb.com/businessdirectory/countyofmorton-mandan-nd-15354684.html), counties thereby continued to operate in the manner that Corporations operate according to U.S. law. What is the purpose of a Corporation?
How Are Local County & City Decisions Affected by the Fact That They Are Organized as Corporations?
1919 Supreme Court ruling Dodge v. Ford Motor Co 170 NW 668 (Mich 1919) instituted into rule of law: “The purpose of a corporation is to make a profit for the shareholders, but a court will not interfere with decisions that come under the business judgment of directors.“[4]
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Definition of SHAREHOLDER:
“(1832) Someone who owns or holds a share or shares in a company, especially a corporation. – Also termed shareowner; (in a corporation) stockholder.”
Definition of STOCK:
“4. A proportional part of a corporation’s capital represented by the number of equal units (or shares) owned & granting the holder the right to participate int he company’s general management & to share in its net profits or earnings.”
Definition of HOLDER:
“1. Someone who as legal possession of a negotiable instrument & in entitled to receive payment on it.”
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This page is in-the-making.
Article: New Jersey Opinion, “The Weaponization of the Plea Bargain” by Albert B. Kelly
Article: Bismarck Tribune, “Local attorney accuses Morton County prosecutor of coercing guilty pleas” by CAROLINE GRUESKIN and BLAIR EMERSON, Jun 9, 2017
Here is just a short list of “Superior Courts” listed & labeled as Corporations on Dun & Bradstreet Credibility Corp‘s website:
- Superior Court of California in Ventura County registered under Sheila Gonzalez
- (read more about Sheila Gonzalez in the L.A. Times)
- L.A. Superior Court registered under Robin Sanchez
- Another page on L.A. Superior Court
- “Superior Court Reporting Services” in Washington, D.C. registered under “SHERI STEWART”
- “SUPERIOR COURT OF ARIZONA” registered under “NANCY DIGGS”
- “Superior Court of Pennsylvania” registered under John Musmanno in Pittsburg
- “Superior Court of California” in Berkeley, California registered under Lori Rodekohr
- “SUPERIOR COURT HOUSE” in Indio, California
- “Superior Court of NJ” registered under “Bruce Piekarsky”
We will get into the quiet history of the Counties & how the first battles of the Revolutionary War were against local County Sheriffs in just a moment, however first we’re going to explain a bit about how the Counties have somewhat collectively subverted the United States law system Due to the fact that Incorporated Counties prioritize “profit for shareholders” ahead of The for-profit commercial, incorporated counties operate under “the general laws that all corporations must follow”; these include
- the Uniform Commercial Code
- the company’s Articles of Incorporation
- any laws that have been put into place by either an order of any Supreme Court Judge, a popular vote of The People (an “initiative“), OR “Act of Congress“ specifically designed to govern commercial enterprises; these show up as “Federal & State regulations” that ALL corporations must comply with unless somehow made except from such laws under for instance, a State Constitution.
Most corporations must also adhere to “county regulations” which are written using “county codes“; these codes are able to be enforced by the incorporated counties via certain “State Government Codes“ that each state’s congresses have enacted. The Constitution for the United States of America does not explicitly delegate or mention any governmental authority to be allotted to “counties”- only to states– however many State Constitutions, under the will of the local counties & those with for-profit interests (usually unknowingly)- have basically subcontracted the “Counties” under the power granted by The 14th Amendment to the States:
County & city codes are enforced inside “commercial courtrooms” operated by the incorporated counties- called “Superior Courts“ (aka “the county courthouses”)– which are found all across the nation- like this one in “County of Nevada“:
Above: “Nevada County Courthouse” is in the mid-northern section within the State of California; learn more about the County of Nevada on Dun & Bradstreet Credibility Corp, or send the CEO an email.
Commercial courts were never put in place or *approved* by the United States government OR by vote of The People– who were never given definitive public knowledge that they were “different” than the authentic, undivided United States Judicial Branch (the District Courts, Court of Appeals & Supreme Court systems)- which runs solely *by design* on principles within the preamble, as well as the enforcement of the protection of all peoples’ assumed, well-established, guaranteed, inalienable civil rights as outlined within the Bill of Rights– which are guaranteed to ALL PEOPLE– not just citizens– as ordained according to the *14th Amendment*:
The British Monarchy introduced the first “corporations” (the counties) into the United States about 150 years BEFORE the government was even formed! Indeed- this is why the colonialists rebelled to form The United States government *by & for The People* so that these oppressive structures (incorporated county infrastructures with phony, “justice systems” inside) could be subdued & actual justice could be brought upon them (hence “The Revolutionary War” leading to the establishment of “The Supreme Court”).
Thank you BeaconBroadside.com for putting the above graphic together to help keep MedKin Doctor Martin Luther King, Junior (watch the video on the Decriminalize Poverty section of this website to learn about “MediKin”) alive & with us!
The designed-broken commercial law system has been operating under a quiet joint-custody between the United States Judicial Branch AND the internationally-claimed (& CEO-claimed) “incorporated counties”- which operate under the rules of the archaically-designed Lex Mercatoria– which has now been codified into the Uniform Commerical Code; the Lex Mercatoria (aka “Law Merchant“) is a deceptive (explained soon) “rulebook” which has in the past enabled heinous crimes against humanity such as the murder of countless Native Americans, the subjugation & oppression of Europeans for thousands of years under the Feudal System, the slave trade of Africans as “products”, & the recent collapse the United States economy which led to The Great Recession. In its modern form- the use of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) by an agency which operates with judicial OR executive authority is a violation of the peoples’ rights whom it enables prosecuted; the tip of this iceberg can be seen within the following code that is within the UCC:
UCC § 1-308(a). PERFORMANCE OR ACCEPTANCE UNDER RESERVATION OF RIGHTS.
“A party that with explicit reservation of rights performs or promises performance or assents to performance in a manner demanded or offered by the other party does not thereby prejudice the rights reserved. Such words as “without prejudice,” “under protest,” or the like are sufficient.”
According to UCC 1-308, a person affected by a corporate system operating under the Uniform Commercial Code must “reserve their rights” in order to avoid “prejudice” (pre-judgment) by that agency; however, according to the following Supreme Court ruling- Fordyce v. City of Seattle– The Peoples’ rights are designed to be “assumed”:
HOWEVER, there appears to be no indication made to persons who become affected by these “corporate judicial systems” that they are in fact being charged by a commercial system, OR that a “reservation of rights” must be made in order to have one’s assumed rights recognized & honoured; there is no spoken disclaimer given by enforcing officers operating under the UCC of such either, & there is no literature given to people inside county courthouses which explain any of this. There is also no offer to *consent* to any of this either.
Thank you FineArtAmerica.com for the above photo. Frank Schiavo often quoted this line as well.
It appears that by incorporated counties operating under a concealed code which the public was not made aware of (UCC 1-308) which demands court officials to *assume a 3rd party is not innately due ALL their ASSUMED rights* UNLESS they “explicitly reserve them”– that everyone who was factored in by the county corporations as a “potential liability (those who fight their cases & win) yet likely investment (those who accept a plea bargain & pay some OR are found guilty & pay all)” without knowledge or consent to such “offer” has suffered a sustained personal injury (A non physical injury that occurs due to wrongful eviction, slander, false arrest or by violating the right to privacy of any person.) under Title 18 U.S.C. Deprivation of Rights Under Color of Law– which can be seen on FBI.gov AND on the website of The Office of Law Revision Counsel (an office of The House of Representatives):
AUTHOR’S NOTE: The content throughout this website is being used alongside a class-action lawsuit to obtain due process in order to determine if financial restitution as well as “satisfaction to grievances” (explore TribalLivingSpaces.org for one of the requests some will be seeking from the courts to be designated for those who wish for “another way to live” i.e. The Native Way & variations) for *everyone who feels that they have literally been *sold into* an incorporated county business construct without their knowledge OR consent* as to their prescribed predicaments- & then suffering the consequences associated with fulfilling their *appointed roles*. (Questions? Got Insight? Join forces? Want to help? (*please*!) Contact [email protected])
The “comm”ercial counties have derived their alleged “permission” to operate “military-like courtrooms” (in procedure; not appearance) from The Commerce Clause, which is a single line of wording within The Constitution for the United States of America. The Constitution gives “permission” for courts to operate under one of three “types of courtroom procedures” according to the circumstances of the alleged crime; these include “Common Law” (Commercial Law), Equity Law (when a signed contract- or treaty which the United States Government upholds with Native Americans– has been violated), or “Admiralty Law”(where only those who “know the codes” tend to win, & where “agreements” may be upheld in court & be considered “as good as contracts“).
According to USMarshals.gov, “The courts and Congress seek to create a uniform body of admiralty law both nationally and internationally in order to facilitate commerce.“; click on the screenshot of their website on “Admiralty Law” below if you would like to see firsthand evidence of this:
Thank you USMarshals.gov for keeping us safe & doing your job & for at least announcing this forthright on your website so that we can *fix the situation* as described just below!
There is one major *indicator*- however- that county courtrooms are indeed operating under Admiralty procedures; the Army flag which stands usually somewhere near the Magistrate (although we often hear county courtroom magistrates referred to as “judges”- TECHNICALLY they are “magistrates” because they are “inferior judicial officers of the peace &r police justices”) at the head of the courtroom.
Here is what this flag looks like:
Here is an excerpt from Army.mil’s “Army Regulation 840–10: Heraldic Activities; Flags, Guidons, Streamers, Tabards, & Automobile & Aircraft Plates“, which designates the use of a “United States flag with golden yellow fringe” strictly to be used in “military courtrooms”:
The following video is a perfect example showing how officers operating under commercial law without assuming the rights of the people as they are supposed to according to federal law, is deceptive & hurtful to the people– & has been endangering everybody; the person speaking at the beginning of this video is the author of this webpage- Distance Everheart, founder of Wild Willpower:
These “county commercial infrastructures“ have created for people a complete dependency upon artificial (man-made or man-altered) surroundings AND the destruction of native ecosystems caused by resource extractions which have been hidden-from-the-public-eye via corporate media- while punishing those who “step out-of-line”. Product manufacturing- approved & delegated & a commercially-led popular votes & corporate executives who guide them without the appearance of having high regard to the health of ecosystems, the rights of native people, OR treaties with which the United States is upholding with Native American people– has looked out more for “the health of corporate pocketbooks” & the “creation of jobs” moreso than the success of our nation, people, & health of our lands; instead it has led to harsh relations with the international community. Meanwhile, everyone caught inside has been left to deal with webs of taxes, “rental treadmills”, & deceptive legal “fines” for alleged “laws” which are built around “the law of commercial finances” (economics) rather than *The Laws of Human Rights & responsibilities to our fellow nation & man* (the Constitution) .
A very special thanks to QuotesHelp.com for the wonderful commemorative graphic above; the quote can be seen here on this Library of Congress webpage! Special thanks to Tenille Carnes for pointing this out inside Facebook’s sphere of awesomeness.
The county infrastructures, however, have also helped to educate people in schools so that today- for instance- websites such as ours are able to be compiled & we may ALL receive *due process* t–o–g–e–t–h–e–r & *fix everything* (after some united team-sleuthing!).
Thank you QuotEssays.com for the above photo of Mr. Bill Gates (all nerds gain +5/+5!).
There is *another set of codes* besides UCC 1-308 which have enabled counties to operate with nearly unchecked executive discretion– which shall henceforth be referred to as “county enabler codes“; each state possesses at least one county enabler code somewhere within their governmental codes. California’s is:
California Government Code Section 25132
(a) Violation of a county ordinance is a misdemeanor unless by ordinance it is made an infraction. The violation of a county ordinance may be prosecuted by county authorities in the name of the people of the State of California, or redressed by civil action.
(b) Every violation determined to be an infraction is punishable by
- a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars ($100) for a first violation;
- a fine not exceeding two hundred dollars ($200) for a second violation of the same ordinance within one year;
- a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars ($500) for each additional violation of the same ordinance within one year.
(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a violation of local building and safety codes determined to be an infraction is punishable by
- a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars ($100) for a first violation;
- a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars ($500) for a second violation of the same ordinance within one year;
- a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000) for each additional violation of the same ordinance within one year of the first violation.
Commercial “public” schools are “kept safe” inside county “corporate breeding grounds”; the teachers, students, & faculty are kept “in the dark” about the REAL history of the United States AS WELL AS *the current predicament of the citizenry* while believing that they are attending “public” schools; remember the teachers never learned any of this, & so people don’t realize where the countless unconstitutional county & municipal “codes & ordinances” (listed below) come from- they simply instead feel like “the system is corrupt” & that “economics are law”; they have not been been told, however, that people simply need to *stick their heads up above the county law infrastructure* & *assume their rights* as upheld by The Supreme Court Justice System AND every officer who has taken a Constitutional Oath. In California, this Oath reads as follows:
“I, ______, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States and the Consti- tution of the State of California against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of California; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties upon which I am about to enter. “And I do further swear (or affirm) that I do not advocate, nor am I a member of any party or organization, political or other- wise, that now advocates the overthrow of the Government of the United States or of the State of California by force or violence or other unlawful means; that within the five years immediately preceding the taking of this oath (or affirmation) I have not been a member of any party or organization, political or other- wise, that advocated the overthrow of the Government of the United States or of the State of California by force or violence or other unlawful means except as follows: ________________________________________________________________ (If no affiliations, write in the words “No Exceptions”) and that during such time as I hold the office of ______________ ________________________________ I will not advocate nor become (name of office) a member of any party or organization, political or otherwise, that advocates the overthrow of the Government of the United States or of the State of California by force or violence or other unlawful means.” And no other oath, declaration, or test, shall be required as a qualification for any public office or employment.
“Public officer and employee” includes every officer and employee of the State, including the University of California, every county, city, city and county, district, and authority, including any department, division, bureau, board, commission, agency, or instrumentality of any of the foregoing.
Thank you OddLovesCompany.com for the above reminder.
The content throughout this webpage is among an official court order demanding Eminent Domain for use upon all incorporated counties so that they will solely operate as “public agencies”; this will force every county to operate solely under state & federal laws with all peoples’ rights *assumed* at-all-times rather than “reserved behind UCC 1-308” or any other such codes.
Thank you Gethsemane Presbyterian Church for the wonderful above quote by Mathew.
The prime directive of all corporations:
The following is a list of typical county & city ordinances which spread like disease throughout our national laws; these are examples of how counties have been overstepping allowances within The Fourteenth Amendment, The Bill of Rights, AND The Preamble. The content throughout this webpage is included in an official Stay of Execution AND Notice of Constituional Question for the following decisions, acts, ordinances, codes, statutes, etc. which have become common throughout the nation:
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The Authorization of Drones Over Nevada County (denies due process / lacks executive accountability / denies potentially-needed *legitimate recourse* to anyone whom power could potentially be abused over)
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Homeless Harassment Laws; such as “Camping Within City Limits”, “Panhandling”, “Sleeping in Vehicles”, etc. which have enforced community burden rather than public solutions.
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Arbitrary & Capricious County Building Codes used to incriminate sustainable building designs.
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The following attempted gag-order imposed by Judge Candace Heidelberger that is currently posted on the door of the County of Nevada “Superior” Courthouse: consider this webpage- which is printed up & soon-to-be-served- the official Stay of Execution regarding the following order:
MORE FALSE COUNTY & CITY STATUTES TO BE LISTED SOON (please send examples to [email protected] to have them included here!) FOR NOW- let’s continue:
The commercial court system was built faulty- designed to collapse communities in on themselves OR thrive & collapse ecosystems around them via perpetuating further commercial arbitration of surrounding places; it is time we shift from a way of life where our hours & health are sucked away to “far away banks”- where our rights are too often neither respected nor our needs considered- to *something that serves The People” AND respects the individuality of each within. Too many of us have have lost touch with our wild ancestral ways of life & too many have felt *forced by circumstance* to make executive decisions at the painful expense of others due to the “survival mode” that the Lex Mercatoria always throws people into without their knowledge or consent that they were even “raised” into it in the first place:
The above front cover of the Lex Mercatoria, Gerard de Maltnes is known to be one of eight in existence today. Of it, it “Sir” William Blackstone wrote: “which all nations agree in and take notice of and it is particularly held to be part of the law of England which justifies the causes of merchants and the general rules which obtain in all commercial countries.”
The archaic, feelingless construct of the “purely mercantile mind” has undoubtedly been a scourge upon all people- even those enforcing it. Fortunately- the human mind & potentials are insurmountable- our hearts true- & so it is time to extract this Leviathan that has been lurking like an insatiable beast within the collective mind- & fish it to the Light of Day:
Thank you Jeff Chang for helping me to explain these political notions more fictively with the above graphic!
The process of introducing the resource vacuum of economics to usurp & eliminate communities is called “commercial arbitration“. If the United States government were to fall- the corporate counties would then call all the shots without regard to any “rights” the people within may claim to have. This is one of the biggest troubles in the nation right now- the “corporatocracy” has been pretending & convincing people that they are “the government”- & thus turning people against the government under color of law. What people don’t realize is that if the gov’t DID FALL all these corporations would stay in place because the “owners” would still be controlling them from afar! This gives a whole new meaning to the term “sleeping dragon”!
Above graphic from Fran Saval.
The British Empire subjugated people under “the rules of the game” inside each of the “county lines” using forged, fraudulent paperwork that was made to “look official” within the fictitious county lines that they themselves staked; this was able to be done using the commercial courtrooms they put in place that were as fake as the paperwork they were designed with while the british military was *undercover* as the local police department at the time- who were really mercenaries on behalf of the crown. Then entire corporate county construct WAS ALWAYS a *broken commerciable system known to be embedded with injustice* that unfortunately was never gotten rid of because back during The Revolutionary War & afterward no one had a *name* to put to the construct (Lex Mercatoria) that was causing all the chaos! Enmity between police officers & the public is exactly what is caused by this system- the money is getting vacuumed out from communities while no one inside (including the officers) are sure AT ALL how all this is happening! Now that we’ve been removed from nature for generations, all we have been left with is “mere paper” & no clean land or vital skills:
Above: The notorious United States former (thank God!) President Andrew Jackson– who defied the ruling of The Supreme Court & against their decision instructed the United States military to enforce The Trail of Tears.
The “rebel alliance colonialists” (known as The Sons of Liberty) were sick of being enslaved under a fake, oppressive system for many generations- they did everything they could to form a government *around* the counties by drawing *big state lines* to “rope them in”. Today these international corporations hold a “stake” to every county unbeknownst to The People, however these stakes do NOT hold up under the law of The Supreme Court Justice.
Thank you Democrats.org for passing on this hero’s spellbinding quote!
Because of these unconsentual dealings…
This is why birth certificates in the United States have an attached bond (from international banks) AND Federal Backing (guarantee to rights & to honour treaties)- but these backings are very much NOT the same types of commitment- one is to absolute control under the Feudal System (UCC), & the other is to the protection of peoples’ inalienable rights & to honoring treaties via The Federal Government, who only one gets to “win the game” IF The People *grab the reins* by using due process to rain justice down upon the counties by converting all commercial courts & public officials to operate solely under The Supreme Law of the Land- this is the reason that the counties have been trying to secede from the states before We *find out* that we can do this. The international commercial agencies who have forged paperwork claiming to own these fictional corporations (counties) can un-hitch themselves from the “liberal” federal & state regulations imposed upon them, & they can then *clip* the U.C.C. 1-308 from the UCC once they’ve acquired complete control. CAUTION: *DO NOT* “reserve your rights” under “common law” (commercial law) as many deceptive websites will tell you to do! They have been trying to convince people to do this so that they can stuff people down inside the code- people *have no rights* under commercial law (reserving rights under common or commercial law abrogates all other rights in their & this holds up in their international injustice system).
Above map thanks to the U.S. Census Bureau.
Backing up (& then we’ll get to the Class-Action Lawsuit)…
The forged, fraudulent “land title deeds” were given to “settlers” who purchased them, & then allowed onto the by-then cleared battlefields where their *pleasant* new homes awaited them- on land stolen from the slaughtered native people! The public would not find out *what really happened* until generations later when the public schools- were forced through Federal Regulations to begin exposing the very blurry *real history*. Before that- people who “spread the truth” did not last very long.
Above: Almost-forgotten hero Sophie Shcoll’s famous quote kept alive thanks to We Know Memes.
Below are examples of fraudulent land title deeds- which hold up in Commercial Courtrooms; they have never been presented to The Supreme Court as *false* because the citizenry has been deceived for so long! These deeds are illegitimate because there is NO TREATY with the Native American nation local to the region that the county has record of; the counties violated federal law & no one ever took it before the Supreme Court; the Federal Government was designed to have *no power* unless granted by The People. Its been the counties who have created the military-industrial complex which has never yet been challenged in court because its been so well disguised among corporate media& commercial code.
That should be enough examples to prove the point that all these land title deeds with no signed treaties with the local native nations are illegitimate under United States Constitutional Law!
The entire system the counties & courts have actually been so complex that until this webpage was put together (feel free to copy & paste!)- it has never appeared to have been fully de-coded before The People. I personally chased this “code” (that doesn’t look like a code) through the United States government websites (peaceably & legally) once I began “seeing the issue”; because each government site only contained “bits of the code”- I’m rather certain I’m the first to have “caught them”. To be accurate- the commercial county court structure has never been brought before the Supreme Court & tried as “wholly illegal when placed upon people *before they were born*, *without their consent*, & *without being voted into place*”. This is why it was never “gotten rid of” from within the US borders- these archaic structures have been gaining power ever since their slippery tactics quietly went back beneath the radar following the Revolutionary & Civil Wars. Perhaps it is time for a:
Special thanks to Wizards of the Coast & Magic: The Gatherint for the above graphic which says a lot “between the lines”.
Soon I will be presenting all the content on this website before The Supreme Court in order to a seek a redress of grievances including a class-action on behalf of all who have been affected by this unfair & oppressive court structure which has disguised itself for generations as if it were “part of the government”; indeed- the reason many people today have turned against the government is because this system has infiltrated us & purposefully cast blame against the very structure capable of enforcing actual justice upon its Feudal design. Look for the official seal! (if you lose in the commercial court system- consider it an opportunity to take things to the *next level* to The Court of Appeals rather than getting discouraged- expect to lose- then command the Court of Appeals to make things right “down below”; assume your power you beautiful free creature!)
Commercial courts have been operating under the ancient Lex mercatario– or “Law Merchant” system- except that it has been re-codified under the Uniform Commercial Code; this is already technically illegal & unenforceable following The Emancipation Proclamation under Abraham Lincoln‘s presidency; unfortunately- even President Lincoln likely did not know of its existence! As a refresher, here is the opening of this document that is blessed among Our People:
“On the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.”
Special thanks to AbrahamLincolnOnline.org for preserving the above quote & CivilWarWiki.net for the dear painted graphic.
The United States government (rebel alliance colonialists) came down upon the “incorporated counties” after drawing “big state lines” around them in order to “lasso them in” & begin challenging the “Lady Justice System” one-issue-at-a-time & then “chew up its injustices” using the same binding principles it was crafted upon- a court system designed to enforce justice into another court system using the same binding principles but playing by different rules; also The Supreme Court Justice system brings the illegal court system’s arbitrary & capricious enforcements under scrutiny by “a jury of peers” rather than “an employee of the court” (the commercial judges):
The television show “Judge Judy” helps dumb wash people into not “getting” how the court system works- which also has served in getting them to believe that “the entire system is completely corrupt”. Above graphic from Tumblr.
The Emancipation Proclamation was brought before The People way back when Harriet Tubman was helping to coordinate The Underground Railroad to smuggle people out of county lines up into safety where The North had begun forcing counties to begin adhering to “Federal & State regulations“. Most people were not yet sure that the ancient Lex mercatoria “system of trading” even existed:
Thank you Tammouse for the above graphic of this noble & bright hero!
The “corporatocracy” has done everything it can to completely hijack The United States governmental system & re-enslave The People by convincing them that “the system is broken” & that “the system is to blame”. Fortunately- we *do* have a Supreme Court Justice system which has been looking out for us by doing what is has *always done*- chewing up the commercial court system by making it “play by its own rules”. Because “the rules” of the commercial justice system are so deceptive by design- sometimes the rulings of The Supreme Court seem unfair to The People because we haven’t been able to “see through the eyes of the courts”. For instance, the recent Citizens United Ruling has appeared to be a big takeover from within the US Justice system when they ruled that “a corporations is a person”. HOWEVER– a “person” is *different* than a “man” or a “woman” according to the archaic “Black’s Law Dictionary” from which courts derive some of their *rules*. “Men” & “Women” have *rights* whereas “persons” are *liable in court*- & thus may be sued for violating the rights of men, women, or The People (i.e. damaging public lands).
Also fortunately– there are many, many “Aunties” & “Uncles” looking out for us & heavily monitoring our electronics to ensure our internet will continue operating so that you & I are able to figure all this out together & get our future on track to safety & goodness; viable solutions that *resolve issues* in ways that really will viably “work for The People” AND for native ecosystems; thank you soldiers & veterans for defending us & upholding the Constitutional Oaths to protect our civil & political rights & help keep us safe!!!! WE WON’T LET YOU DOWN!!!!!
Thank you Native American Photographer for the above beautiful graphic!
I am truly humbled to be able to bring forth this knowledge & everything below in such a way that I sincerely ask EVERYONE to read from a safe, loving space in knowing that I as a bearer of great knowledge for our people am only going to be “duly processing” in a way that would leave *none of us* feeling screwed over or left behind. Please be strong with me in the coming knowledge that will continue to be updated daily to help get things in order so that we may begin together to “grab the reins” calmly & securely together in order to consider even those who have had no *clue* that they have been sucked into a system we have all been perpetuating needlessly:
Thank you A Chance for Children for the beautiful above graphic that helps remind us that Black History Month is in February!
First, a bit more about the ancient “Lex mercatoria system“- so that we may all recognize it together & respond accordingly as a peaceable assembly which endangers neither officers NOR individuals- who are ALL *The People*; United We Stand (in The Supreme Court soon!).
If they were to have a “mascot” that represented “how their court system operates”, it would probably look a lot like this:
The above statue of the blindfolded Lady Justice; you can talk to her all you want to state your testimony, but she only responds to the “weight” of the papers that are placed into her scales. She is blindfolded because women are uneducated in this system- so they don’t notice things like fraudulent or forged paperwork! Thank you Taboo Jive for the above photo!
The Supreme Court of the United States of America operates under an entirely different system of law. This “mascot” looks like Lady *Mother-Loving* Liberty, baby!
The content throughout this webpage will help prepare you for some things that are quite vital to know at this time in history for anyone looking to help steer things into a non-slavery, nonviolent, ecologically-wise direction for the people & the planet in which addresses the severe resource & economic crises we are currently among. ([email protected])
The largest sector of the United States governmental “checks & balances system“ (the third “governmental force within the United States” mentioned at the beginning of this page) is our Citizenry:
The Supreme Court of United States of America has left a blazing trail of “past court rulings” behind itself- based upon civil rights, liberty- & helping to make right anything it can using guiding principles set forth by the founders of the nation while also adhering to “the rules of the books”- the same books that the corporate “superior” courts operate under in order to *beat them at their own game*. This system was frantically & meticulously devised in order to put a lasso around the corporate “counties” that the British Empire began quickly implementing in order to form a commerciable infrastructure from where gold-backed money could be extracted from “far away banks”.
Thank you Rewards4Moms.com for keeping MLK Alive with the above graphic!
The Federal Reserve Notes that are used today are supposed to be backed by the opposite of what gold has been used for- they are backed by the fact that if ANYONE gets their assumed-at-all-times-rights violated- whether on United States soil OR upon foreign soil as United States Code “Perjury of Oath” clearly reads- that big guys with guns who swore Constitutional Oaths will come back your noise in order to ensure that *due process* will be obtained within the United States judicial system.
“How the completely-citizen-operated (by design) United States government actually operates” as well as “the true history of the colonialists & why they fought so vehemently, desperately, & intricately-organized in order to overthrow the British ‘incorporated counties'” has been maliciously & “de-liberate-ly” removed from the public’s knowledge by the same corporatocracy that was never fully dealt with. Unbeknownst to just about everyone- the United States Justice System is still embedded with powerful tools that can still be used today to begin stuffing the corporate takeover that has been so apparently happening back into the chambers with which our system is specifically designed to stuff it; these tools are much stronger than mere protesting, voting, writing articles, petitioning to “urge” congress, or rallying up the gun posse.
Many UnConstitutional Local Laws are Enforced because they haven’t been Challenged in Federal Court
Now, prepare to learn MORE about American history in a way that will help bring everything that we are “dealing with” into context so that we can see *where things went out of control* AND *how to activate the shut-off valve that was left running* in such a way that surely *no one* (certainly not me) had anticipated as being possible within what I only recently thought to be a “corrupt system”:
To review before we continue- prior to The American Revolution (began 1775) & The Declaration of Independence (declared 1776)– way back in 1616- The British Monarchy had begun quickly dividing the Colonies into “Corporations” called “Counties”. They did this by…
1. killing Native Americans.
2. appointing “land rights” to “white male shareholders” using fraudulent paperwork that The Virginia Company of London lawfully forged using a system of laws that was DESIGNED CORRUPT called the Lex mercatoria aka “the Law Merchant”. The “land owners” were technically “district managers” of these “county-corporations”. The Virginia Company of London was managed by a council that was appointed by King James I of the British so-called “Royal” Family.
3. drawing arbitrary & capricious “county lines”, & then placing “government-owned commercial courtrooms” called “VIce-Admiralty Courts” within them. A “Sheriff” was then appointed- who was also a “shareholder”- although technically they were undercover militant mercenaries afforded by The British Crown; the commercial police force was there primarily to protect the false land rights & also to enforce statutes that the district managers… errr… “land owners” would “vote” into place via “elected bodies” called “General Assemblies”.
This duplicatable infrastructure “cleared the way” for other commercial corporate enterprises to be able to run within these “secured” county lines. The early sheriffs & their executive agencies were in reality the British military mercenaries in disguise- who were also invading India at the same time using this same technique of “corporate colonial infiltration”.
4. operating these infrastructures & taxing all individuals & corporations within them (from far away banks) under the Lex Mercatoria– the same system which codified African people as “products” via slave ships. Today, this ancient system is codified within the Uniform Commercial Code using the same principles. The colonies were not taxed on behalf of The British until after the infrastructure was in place- ensuring that the soon-to-be-loyal-subjects would assume their freedom & thus work much more willingly “until it was time”.
Commercial Vice-Admiralty Courts gave no ‘assumption of innocence’ nor ‘assumption of rights’ when The Accused were presented before them. ‘The People’ were factored in as ‘customers’ within the county corporate model; there was no such thing as welfare- the rule was to ‘work, starve, or violate the law & be held accountable’. If an accused person was found ‘not guilty’, there was no restitution- only the ‘freedom’ to ‘get back to work & not violate any more statutes’.
Painting of a British Vice-Admiralty Court from 18C American Women. Colonists were denied a “trial by jury of peers” under these court structures.
British Admiralty Law was like an exacerbated version of the “Pirate Code” (of course this system of laws had no tolerance for pirates!)- it was specifically designed to steal land, create & enforce laws within those lands, & force people into the “commercial construct” from where “profits” & “taxes” could later be collected from afar. Corporate “investors” created the counties, & were gone as soon as the paperwork was in place; they could then collect income from the court system via “faraway banks” & also approve corporations who might seek to operate within these secured counties- or at least have someone else “approve” of “disapprove” of aspiring entrepreneurs using a strict set of “guidelines” written within the company’s “articles of incorporation“. The concept of using “Articles of Incorporation” came from Queen Elizabeth I’s “East India Tradign Company” in 1601. They were first utilized 7 years later in 1608 by The Virginia Company of London.
Years later, “property taxes” would be able to collected on these investments via the land owners- which would then perpetuate the infrastructure that they would then watch their children be prosecuted by; the people would blame the police & everyone would suffer except the people who set these traps & kept moving & also the people who paid the mercenaries (the military).
Victims of this “unlawful law system” who would get access in the courts were basically made to “walk the plank” should they “violate the rules of the system”; the affected people would sooner attack each other or police than anyone truly at fault; neither the police force, the jailers, nor the land owners truly realized the complexity of the circumstances they’d ALL been unfairly & trecharously drafted into.
Above graphic from SFGate.com.
Sycophants were spies on behalf of the General Assembly who made sure no one began “getting out of line”. They were also considered “insincere flatterers” who “hung around” politicians due to their commercial appeal (good looks, fancy dress, & consensual silence). They were expendable– aka “expenditures“.
Thank you Columbia.org for reminding of this piece of history!
The British Monarchy also imported Africans as slaves BEFORE the United States government was formed- which was formed specifically to “grab the reins” on these out-of-control corporate commercial “county” constructs which enslaved people as “serfs” using commercial aka “common law”.
The above graphic is from US Slave– which is about how The British Monarchy was enslaving these people as “products” factored into a commercial system.
The United States government is actually the only thing that has ever kept counties in check; their biggest “weapon” has been to turn the citizenry against “the government” while the corporate media convinces everyone that “finances are law” rather than “civil rights” & “scientific reasoning” are law. “The system”- truly designed *only* around *the protection of civil rights*- ONLY FUNCTIONS IF the citizens know how to operate it. This- of course- was not taught in public commercial schools- where we are told to “find a lawyer” if something goes wrong & that “the government” killed all the Native Americans &is pretty much to blame for everything.
If the United States government were to fall:
1. there would be no Court of Appeals should the victims of these court structures be found “not guilty”, & thus there would be no remedy or recourse available (again).
2. everyone would be off social security benefits & welfare, & thus would be made to “work or die”. ALL inventions would ONLY be funded through “investors”- who would then earn money off not doing anything other than hooking up a financial vacuum to the inventor & community.
3. Medications would not be mandated to be subsidized; people would have their meds uncovered if the insurance companies chose such; they would work for their meds or die, & probably try to form protests in order to get philanthropic aid for nonprofits.
Superior Courts are criminal courts; they assume no rights to people unless they explicitly ‘reserve’ them under ‘a separate system’ & claim that they are ‘under protest’ & thus “deny the charges”. Today, this can be seen within the code in which these commercial courts operate under- a code which ALL CORPORATIONS (including “nonprofits” & counties) operate under- the Uniform Commercial Code.
Also, there is no mention of a “Sheriff” in the United States Constitution; the US Constitution came later in response to “counties” cropping up everywhere in an attempt to give The People the power to grab the reins on these commercial county systems. Today, Sheriffs are required to take a Constitutional Oath, & fortunately a lot of men (& some women) who take those oaths are vigilant to them- with a clear knowledge of history, honour & duty carried with them should any individual or class of individuals seek a viable redress of grievances so that due process may commence & we may “settle” this once & for all. Constitutionally, even the Sheriff has no legal authority to prosecute without a “verified complaint from a damaged party” when it comes to utilizing the “(Supreme Court) civil law system”. At all times, a Sheriff must enforce both “civil” & “criminal” law UNTIL the destiny of America takes place, & The Poeple take the counties using eminent domain to force them off “commercial law as law”, & get them instead focused on human rights & ecological considerations, & making decisions based upon ALL people- not just *some* people with economics as the factor. The People may protest & they may also sign petitions- but honestly affidavits for Citizen’s Arrests on officers serving bunk laws, Cease & Desist Orders to stop ecologically-damaging or human-rights-violating industries, & tort forms to cash in on Federal Bonds- will go much further in the long run!
More Case Facts:
According to both USMarshals.gov & the Cornell University Law School’s Legal Information Institute:
“Admiralty law in the United States developed from the British admiralty courts present in most of the American colonies. The courts & Congress seek to create a uniform body of admiralty law both nationally & internationally in order to facilitate commerce. The federal courts derive their exclusive jurisdiction over this field from the Judiciary Act of 1789 & also from Article III, § 2 of the U.S. Constitution & Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3 aka “The Commerce Clause”.
The Commerce Clause refers to Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the power “to regulate commerce with foreign nations, & among the several states, & with the Indian tribes.”
According to Black’s Law Legal Dictionary, “COMMERCE” is defined as (this definition will be presented in two parts for the sake of notation):
“Communication by way of trade & traffic between different peoples or states & the citizens or inhabitants thereof, including not only the purchase, sale, & exchange of commodities, but also the instrumentalities & agencies by which it is promoted & the means & appliances by which it is carried on, & the transportation of persons as well as of goods, both by land & by sea. Commerce is a term of the largest import. It comprehends communication for the purposes of trade in any & all its forms, including the transportation, purchase, sale, & exchange of commodities between the citizens of our country & the citizens or subjects of other countries, & between the citizens of different states. The power to regulate it embraces all the instruments by which such commerce may be conducted. Commerce is not limited to an exchange of commodities only, but includes, as well, communication with foreign nations & between the states; & includes the transportation of passengers. The words “commerce” & “trade” are synonymous, but not identical. They are often used interchangeably; but, strictly speaking, commerce relates to communication or dealings with foreign nations, states, or political communities, while trade denotes business communication or mutual traffic within the limits of a state or nation, or the buying, selling, & exchanging of articles between members of the same community.”
Notice how on the first half of the above definition “trade” is defined synonymously with “commerce*, but in the second half of the same definition they are defined differently? This is actually very important:
Commerce- as defined above– when brought into context with the Constitution of the United States- does not “fit” within the framework of the its allowances. “Commerce” is only intended to be defined as “trade between states, between states or the federal government & Native American nations, or trade between states or the federal government & foreign nations. Commerce is not meant to govern trade dealings between The People within each states.
Further evidence of this can be shown by analyzing what “Commerce” meant in Hiawatha’s day when used to negotiate trade between tribes, & also by considering the circumstances of the Colonialists alongside their will back when forming the United States government:
Since The Great Law of Peace was like our Constitution, then the Haudenosaunee, Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, & Senecas dealt with each other much like different states are Constitutionally designed to “deal” amongst one another. They dealt with each other using civil law- a mutual respect of civil rights between all members, & a mutual respect amongst civilians between each separate tribe; admiralty only governed ambassadors in order to facilitate fair trade on behalf of The People. This, too, is the only time when admiralty law is supposed to have permission to be used; “admiralty” could also be described as “negotiational law”; Constitutionally, admiralty is NOT to be enforced upon citizens by their own public officials- ESPECIALLY a system that is designed for and by The People.
Congress has often used the Commerce Clause to justify exercising legislative power over the activities of states & their citizens.
According to The U.S. Small Business Association:
“The Uniform Commercial Code is a comprehensive set of laws governing commercial transactions between U.S. states & territories. These transactions include borrowing money, leases, contracts, & the sale of goods.
UCC is not a federal law, but a product of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws & the American Law Institute. Both of these organizations are private entities that recommend the adopting of UCC by state governments. State legislatures may either adopt UCC verbatim or may modify it to meet the state’s needs. Once a state’s legislature adopts & enacts UCC, it becomes a state law & is codified in the state’s statutes. All 50 states & territories have enacted some version of UCC.
According to California Secretary of State, Debra Bowen’s website (similar with every Secretary of State website):
“The Secretary of State’s office is the central filing office for certain financing statements & other lien documents provided for in the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). Filing with our office serves to perfect a security interest in named collateral & establish priority in case of debtor default or bankruptcy.”
According to Black’s Law Legal Dictionary, “LIEN” is defined as:
“A qualified right of property which a creditor has in or over specific property of his debtor, as security for the debt or charge or for performance of some act. In every ease in which property, either real or personal, is charged with the payment of a debt or duty, every such charge may be denominated a lien on the property. A lien is a charge imposed upon specific property, by which it is made security for the performance of an act.” (cough, cough- ENGLAND!)
What this means, is that under this “international system of Admiralty Law“ (aka “Commercial Jurisdiction” or “Criminal Law” which assumes guilt)- which operates under the Uniform Commercial Code– that any nation whose “Constituional Law” which provides assumed rights to The People (i.e. The Constitution), is not having those rights properly “assumed” by public officials working on behalf of a commercial system which “assumes guilt with no regard to inalienable rights. Therefore, because our *assumed rights* are being made to be *expressly reserved* using a code that the public is not being expressly informed about in schools (overseen by county regulations)- that this is in & of itself a violation of peoples “right to have our rights assumed”.
Everyone has suffered a Deprivation of Rights due to our county infrastructure oppressors, & thus-among a motion to call upon eminent domain to annex all counties for public good, a class-action for a complete forgiveness of debts, AND restitution for everyone throughout the nation who has been affected by the system, we are also seeking to dissolve county lines altogether along The Pacific Crest Trail, Continental Divide Trail, & Appalachian Trail, & for The Supreme Court to designate non-commerciable tribal living spaces & native animal sanctuaries, as described on TribalLivingSkills.org– for all people who would NOT choose to live in a world where “economics is law”.
Class-Action Lawsuit Now Forming: If you or a loved one has been affected by a county’s commercial justice system & you were not given knowledge or offer to consent to be tried within a commercial system & feel that this adversely affected the outcome of your case, OR if you have been affected by any city or county codes, ordinances, statutes, etc. which felt unjust such as “homeless harassment laws” (“camping within city limits”, “sleeping in a vehicle”, “panhandling”, “possession of cannabis”, “smoking in a public space” or any other law which *contained no “verified complaint from a damaged party”*- contact [email protected].
Please make a heartfelt donation on WildWIllpower.org to help us continue moving this forward- at this point it is still all unpaid work, & we’re tilling a lot of Earth here! Thank you sincerely; visit our list of needed resources.
Source Links:
[1]: Morton County, North Dakota on Dun & Bradstreet Credibility Corps: www.dandb.com/businessdirectory/countyofmorton-mandan-nd-15354684.html
[2]: “Dakota Territory, South Dakota, and North Dakota: Individual County Chronologies”. Dakota Territory Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2006. Retrieved February 3, 2015.: http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/DAKs_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm
[3]: Official Portal of the North Dakota State Government, “County History”>Morton & Emmons Counties. Retrieved 8-12-2017: www.nd.gov/content.htm?parentCatID=83&id=County%20History
[4]: CaseBriefs, “Dodge v. Ford Motor Co 270 Fed. Appx. 200”: www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/corporations/corporations-keyed-to-klein/the-nature-of-the-corporation/dodge-v-ford-motor-co/
[5]: North Dakota State Constitution, Article VII “Political Subdivisions”: www.legis.nd.gov/constit/a07.pdf
“Commercial Courts” & their recent infection of *some* states: http://www.americanbar.org/publications/blt/2014/05/01_renck.html
What are civil rights?”- by the Cornell University Law School’s Legal Information Institute: http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/civil_rights
Official governmental website of The Democratic Party: http://www.dems.gov
Official governmental website of The Republican Party: http://www.gop.gov
Freemasons of California official website: https://www.freemason.org/discoverMasonry/index.htm
Synopsis & “fact behind the fiction” of The Illuminati as described in Dan Brown’s “Angels & Demons” historical fiction novel: http://www.factbehindfiction.com/index_files/Angels_Demons.htm
About “Cease & Desist Orders” on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cease_and_desist
The Supreme Court of the United States of American official website: http://www.supremecourt.gov
Picture of Hiawatha: http://www.visualphotos.com/image/1×6742585/hiawatha_founder_of_the_iroquois_league
The Great Law of Peace of the Haudenosaunee on IroquoisDemocracy.pdx.edu: http://www.iroquoisdemocracy.pdx.edu/html/greatlaw.html
Official website of the Haudenosaunee Native American nation: http://iroquois.algonquinlonghouse.org/index.asp
Official website of the Mohawk Native American nation’s government: http://www.srmt-nsn.gov/government/
Official website of the Oneida Native American nation’s government: https://oneida-nsn.gov
Official website of the Onondaga Native American nation’s government: http://www.onondaganation.org
Official website of the Cayuga Native American nation’s government: http://www.cayuganation-nsn.gov
Official website of the Seneca Native American nation’s government; https://www.sni.org
Constitution of the United States of America on Archives.gov: http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html
Photo of Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake: https://www.sccf.org/content/165/venomous-snakes-of-sanibel-and-captiva-islands.aspx
The American Revolution on History.org: http://www.ushistory.org/us/11.asp
Feudal System on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism
The official website of the British Monarchy: http://www.royal.gov.uk
History of the “Royal Family” on King James I: http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=james1
How the British Monarchy spawned The Native American Holocaust under the guise of the United States government via creating “counties”: http://www.ya-native.com/firstpeople/2007-floydredcrowwesterman.html
“Laws Divine, Moralle, & Martiall”: http://encyclopediavirginia.org/Lawes_Divine_Morall_and_Martiall
Lex mercatoria aka Ancient Law Merchant system used to “trade” African slaves as “products” in the commercial system & ALSO to enslave serfs in the Feudal System beneath the British, Spanish, & French Monarchies, & also colonialists under the “incorporated counties”: http://books.google.com/books?id=rTUxtBg34BoC&pg=PT16&lpg=PT16&dq=slave+ships+lex+mercatoria&source=bl&ots=oq95taOjdC&sig=882xOhToezQYzNsL6Y7c6IVlM1k&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YtoGVK7kMMagigLBi4D4BQ&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=slave%20ships%20lex%20mercatoria&f=false
The Pirate’s Code on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_code
Counties of the United States on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_(United_States)
How County “incorporations” got started in Virginia: http://www.virginiaplaces.org/vacount/howstart.html
Definition of “corporate” on Black’s Law: http://thelawdictionary.org/corporation/
Definition of “corporate entity” on Black’s Law: http://thelawdictionary.org/corporate-entity/
Definition of Fraud on Black’s Law: http://thelawdictionary.org/fraud/
Definition of “Arbitrary & Capricious” on Lectric Law Library: http://www.lectlaw.com/def/a064.htm
Henricus the Virginian county incorporation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henricus
James City County on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_City_(Virginia_Company)
Kecourghtan (an Algonquin word) the Virginian incorporated county: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecoughtan,_Virginia
The House of Burgesses (English monarchy established prior to American Revolution): http://www.ushistory.org/us/2f.asp
Vice-Admiralty Courts on USHistory.org: http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/related/vac.htm
British Monarchy commercial slave ships: http://usslave.blogspot.com/2012/03/slave-ship-human-history.html
Merchants, Kings, & the Codification of Commercial Law” by Emily Kadens: http://law.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2643&context=alea
Painting of British Admiralty Court aka House of Commons: http://b-womeninamericanhistory18.blogspot.com/2013/07/1764-revolution-rising-sugar-act.html
British Admiralty Courts on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralty_court
Colonial India on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_India
The history & purpose of Articles of Incorporation: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/primary-purpose-articles-incorporation-2580.html
Wikipedia on Gadsden Flag: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadsden_flag
Christopher Gadsden on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Gadsden
The Massachusetts Spy archive: http://www.foundingfathers.info/stories/gadsden.html
The Massachusetts Spy closeup of snake & dragon: http://legacysunfoldingjourney.blogspot.com/2011/08/snakes-of-revolution.html
Graphic of Cornwallis: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/companyrule/cornwallis/cornwallis.html
Graphic of Christopher Gadsden: http://www.carolana.com/SC/Revolution/patriot_leaders_sc_christopher_gadsden.html
Preamble of the United States: http://onlinesocialstudies.mpls.k12.mn.us/preamble_to_the_constitution
Biography of Benjamin Franklin on Biography.com: http://www.biography.com/people/benjamin-franklin-9301234e
Declaration of Rights on Archives.gov: http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/virginia_declaration_of_rights.html
Tea Party official website: http://www.teaparty.org/about-us/
Cornell University Law School’s Legal Information Institute on Admiralty Law: http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/admiralty
USMarshals.gov on Admiralty Law: http://www.usmarshals.gov/district/dc-sc/admiralty/
Judiciary Act of 1789: http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/judiciary.html
Article III, § 2 of the U.S. Constitution from Cornell University: http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.articleiii.html#section2
The Commerce Clause form Cornell University: http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/commerce_clause
U.S. Small Business Association on the Uniform Commercial Code: http://www.sba.gov/category/navigation-structure/starting-managing-business/starting-business/understand-business-law-7
Cornell University Law School’s Legal Information institute on the Uniform Commercial Code full text: http://www.law.cornell.edu/ucc
National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (co-authors of the Uniform Commercial Code): http://www.uniformlaws.org
American law Institute (co-authors of Uniform Commercial Code): http://www.ali.org
Black’s Law definition of COMMERCE: http://thelawdictionary.org/commerce/
Uniform Commercial Code 1-308 “Reservation of Rights” on Cornell Law: http://www.law.cornell.edu/ucc/1/1-308
California Secretary of State Debra Bowen’s website on the Uniform Commercial Code: http://www.sos.ca.gov/business/ucc/
Black’s Law definition of LIEN: http://thelawdictionary.org/lien/
UCC Connect on Secretary of State Debra Bowen’s website: https://uccconnect.sos.ca.gov/acct/acct-login.asp
“Bear” on Native American Medicine Spirit Animals: http://www.support-native-american-art.com/Native-American-Animal-Symbols-Bears.html
Black’s Law on “POLICY”: http://thelawdictionary.org/policy/
“Statutory Jurisdiction” from Thompson Reuters: http://legalsolutions.thomsonreuters.com/law-products/c/Statutory-Jurisdiction-An-Analysis-of-the-Court-Jurisdiction-and-Proceedings-Transfer-Act/p/100027131
Fordyce v City of Seattle: http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1203486802498511272&q=55+F.3d+436&hl=en&as_sdt=2,22
Digital Media Law Project on court rulings regarding filming public officials: http://www.dmlp.org/legal-guide/recording-police-officers-and-public-officials
Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution on loc.gov: http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/14thamendment.html
Abraham Lincoln on “overthrowing those who would pervert the Constitution: http://www.amazon.com/Abraham-Lincoln-Rightful-Constitution-Photograph/dp/B0054EOMDS