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tort-of-another doctrine:
(1986)

1. Torts. In some states, a statutory rule that authorizes a court to award litigation related expenses, including attorney’s fees, to a prevailing party forced to bring or defend a lawsuit against a third party for a tort committed by someone else who refused, after notice, to bring or defend the lawsuit.  *  The tort-of-another doctrine is an exception to the general American rule about attorney’s fees. [1]

American Rule:
(1868)

1. The general policy that all litigants, even the prevailing one, must bear their own attorney’s fees.  The Rule is subject to bad-faith and other statutory and contractual exceptions. [1]

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