{"id":18003,"date":"2023-04-12T15:27:10","date_gmt":"2023-04-12T15:27:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?p=18003"},"modified":"2023-04-23T13:42:07","modified_gmt":"2023-04-23T13:42:07","slug":"criminal-law-self-help-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?p=18003","title":{"rendered":"Criminal Law Self-Help"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This page is continued from <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=11248\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Getting Started<\/a> &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=12692\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Navigate this Site<\/a> &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=2629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Civil Law and Criminal Law &#8211;<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=2629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>what&#8217;s the difference?<\/em><\/a>:<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">******************************<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\"><strong>What is a Crime?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0A crime is a wrongful act that the state or federal government has identified as a crime because it <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=5497\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">injures<\/a> or interferes with the interest of society.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Crimes are identified within a\u00a0publicly-accessible, fixed body\u00a0of\u00a0statutes<\/strong> <strong><em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=2059\">penal codes, ordinances, building codes, etc.<\/a>)<\/em>\u00a0called laws, which are enforced by officers.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong> \u00a0 \u00a0A criminal case is a <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=6964\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal proceeding<\/a><\/strong><strong>.\u00a0 The accused is called a &#8216;defendant&#8221;.\u00a0 The victim is:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong> the person who has been hurt.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>the state.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>other governmental agency<\/strong> <em>(i.e. city, county, etc.)<\/em><strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0The charges are brought by the government.\u00a0 If the defendant loses, the defendant must serve a sentence.\u00a0 A fine is paid to the government and there is possible <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=6911\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">restitution<\/a> to the victim. <\/strong>[1]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">When Criminal Activity causes a<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=7037\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tort<\/a>,<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #993300;\">the Case can be Tried as Civil <em>and <\/em>Criminal:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Laws which are likely to violate civil rights are a liability against taxpayers; such laws can be challenged and overturned via following the <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=3901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Rules of Civil Procedure<\/a> <em>(see <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=3961\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rule 5.1<\/a>)<\/em>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0When an officer violates a civilian&#8217;s rights, it is called a <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=6993\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitutional tort<\/a> (a\u00a0<em>type<\/em>\u00a0of <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=2629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tort<\/a>).\u00a0 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0If the officer violated procedure and commit a crime, it is called a <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=2056\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">color of law crime<\/a>.\u00a0 If the <\/strong><em>(county, city, state, federal, tribal, etc.)<\/em><strong> agency did not properly train or vet the officer, the agency can be held accountable via filing a claim.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\"><strong>Fair Administration of Justice:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0The judicial branch must apply the existing laws to each individual situation, to be sure justice is administered fairly.\u00a0 This includes punishing those who are guilty of breaking the law, and keeping the rest of the community safe from crime.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0At the U.S. District Court level, the government is represented by the\u00a0<a title=\"Glossary U\" href=\"http:\/\/judiciallearningcenter.org\/glossary\/#U\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United States Attorney (or an Assistant United States Attorney)<\/a>, also called the\u00a0<a title=\"Glossary P\" href=\"http:\/\/judiciallearningcenter.org\/glossary\/#P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prosecuting attorney<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #993300;\"><strong>The 6th Amendment Guarantees<br \/>\nRight to Counsel:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &#8220;<span style=\"color: #800000;\">In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.<\/span>&#8220;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Anyone accused of a federal felony has a right to be assisted by a lawyer for every step of the process, even if they can\u2019t afford one. \u00a0(A\u00a0<a title=\"Glossary F\" href=\"http:\/\/judiciallearningcenter.org\/glossary\/#F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">felony<\/a>\u00a0is a crime carrying a jail term of more than one year.)\u00a0 \u00a0The defendant can retain, or hire, their own\u00a0<a title=\"Glossary D\" href=\"http:\/\/judiciallearningcenter.org\/glossary\/#D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">defense attorney<\/a>, or they may have one appointed for them if they financially unable to hire an attorney for their defense.\u00a0 In many cases, the appointed attorney will be from the\u00a0<a title=\"Glossary F\" href=\"http:\/\/judiciallearningcenter.org\/glossary\/#F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Public Defenders Office<\/a>.\u00a0 Defendants are also allowed to represent themselves, and this is called\u00a0<a title=\"Glossary P\" href=\"http:\/\/judiciallearningcenter.org\/glossary\/#P\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pro se<\/a>.\u00a0<\/strong>[2]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #993300;\"><strong>Various Types of Laws:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13975\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">code<\/a> &#8211; the published statutes of a jurisdiction, arranged in a systematic form by chapters and sections.<\/strong> \u2014 aka <em><strong>consolidated law<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13156\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">penal code<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> the published criminal statutes of a jurisdiction, usually defining and categorizing offenses, and setting forth their respective punishments. <\/strong>\u2014 aka<strong><em> criminal code<\/em><\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13989\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Model Penal Code<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> a proposed criminal code prepared jointly by the Commission on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute, used as the basis for criminal-law revision by many states. <\/strong>\u2014 Abbr.<strong> <em>MPC<\/em><\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13992\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uniform Commercial Code<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> governs commercial transactions<\/strong> <em>(i.e. sales, leases, negotiable instruments, deposits and collections, letters of credit, bulk sales, warehouse receipts, bills of lading and other documents of title, investment securities, and secured transactions)<\/em><strong>. <\/strong>\u2014 Abbr.<strong> <em>UCC<\/em><\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United States Code<\/a> <\/span>&#8211; the official codification of general and permanent laws enacted by congress.<\/strong> \u2014 Abbr. <em><strong>USC.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">court rules<\/a> <\/span>&#8211; regulations having the force of law and governing <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=8749\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">practice<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=6692\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">procedure<\/a> in the various courts.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ordinance<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> an authoritative law or decree; specifically, a municipal regulation, especially one that forbids or restricts an activity.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13968\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">policy<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> A standard course of action that has been officially established by an organization, business, political party.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13964\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">public policy<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> the policy (course of action) in relation to the administration of the law, to protect and promote the general welfare of the public.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13096\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statute<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> a legislation (aka act or law) enacted by any lawmaking body, such as a legislature, administrative board, or municipal court.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #993300; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Varying Degrees of Crimes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">felony<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> a serious crime usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or by death. <em>(i.e. <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=10443\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">burglary<\/a>, arson, rape, murder, <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13097\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">treason<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=10437\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">robbery<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=10404\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">larceny<\/a>)<\/em>. <\/strong>\u2014 aka <strong><em>major crime<\/em><\/strong>;<strong> <em>serious crime<\/em><\/strong>.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">misdemeanor<\/a> &#8211; a crime less serious than a felony, usually punishable by fine, penalty, forfeiture, or confinement (usually a brief term) in jail (rather than prison).<\/strong> \u2014 aka <em><strong>minor crime<\/strong><\/em>; <em><strong>summary offense<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13440\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">infraction<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> a violation, usually of a rule, regulation, or local ordinance, not punishable by incarceration.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14008\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">offense<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> synonymous with &#8220;crime.&#8221; <\/strong>\u2014 aka<strong> <em>criminal offense<\/em><\/strong><em>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bailable offense<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> a criminal charge for which a defendant may be released from custody after providing proper <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=11983\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">security<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indictable offense<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> a crime that can be prosecuted by <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=9352\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indictment<\/a> rather than by <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=12978\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">information<\/a>; usually only <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13171\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">felonies<\/a> or serious <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">misdemeanors<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #993300; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Legal Terms used to help Classify Crimes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=12839\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aggravated<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> made worse or more serious by circumstances such as violence, the presence of a deadly weapon, or the intent to commit another crime.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13182\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">simple<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> (of a crime) not accompanied by aggravating circumstances.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=6952\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conspiracy<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> an agreement by two or more persons to commit an unlawful act, coupled with an intent\u00a0to achieve the agreement&#8217;s objective, including any action or conduct that furthers the\u00a0agreement.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13884\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">corrupt<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13938\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">subverting<\/a> the instrumentalities of government to personal profit; impeding or obstructing the administration of justice.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13282\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">malice<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> intent to commit a wrongful act; reckless disregard of the law or of a person\u2019s legal rights. <\/strong>\u2014 <em><strong>malicious<\/strong><\/em>, <em>vb<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=6956\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unjust enrichment<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> unlawful, unjustifiable retention of <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=7427\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">property<\/a>, without consent from the transferor(s), for which the <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=7492\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">beneficiary<\/a> must make <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=6911\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">restitution<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=10988\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recompense<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">Various Crimes<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">and Corresponding \u00a7\u00a7 of the U.S. Code:<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Select any of the following broad categories for specific crimes and corresponding laws:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=12560\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">color of law crimes<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> when government employees abuse their authority or deprive a person&#8217;s rights under &#8220;color&#8221; or *<em>appearance* <\/em>of law.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=2059\"><b>Deprivation of rights under color of law\u00a0<\/b><\/a><b><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=2059\">18 U.S.C. \u00a7 242<\/a><\/b> \u2013<\/span> using a \u201cstatute\u201d, \u201cpolicy\u201d, \u201cordinance\u201d, or \u201ccode\u201d (etc.)\u00a0to violate a person\u2019s rights using the <em>appearance <\/em>of law.<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=7637\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">false arrest, <em>false imprisonment<\/em><\/a> &#8211;<\/span> restraint, arrest, and\/or imprisonment made without a valid warrant, or without probable cause to believe the person has committed a crime.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=12863\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extortion<\/a> <\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u2013<\/span> the unlawful taking, by an officer,, by color of his office, of any money or thing of value not due to him, or taking more than is due, or taking it before it is due.<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=12866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Extortion by officers or employees of the United States 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 872<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=12853\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">perjury and false swearing<\/a> \u2013<\/span> lying under Oath of Office, in an Affidavit, in a judicial proceeding or administrative proceeding, or to an insurer.<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=2237\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Perjury generally (Perjury of Oath) 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 1621<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=5610\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Statements or entries generally 18 U.S. C. \u00a7 1001<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=12846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Unsworn declarations under penalty of perjury 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1746<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13865\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bribery<\/a> &#8211; the corrupt payment, receipt, or solicitation of anything of value with intent to influence the action of a public official.<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13871\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Bribery of public officials and witnesses &#8211; <\/strong><\/a><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13871\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18 U.S.C. \u00a7 201<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13068\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>election fraud and electioneering <\/strong><\/a><strong>&#8211; includes sections on <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13926\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gerrymandering<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13937\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lobbying<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13067\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental crimes<\/a> &#8211; statutory offenses involving harm to air, water, or soil quality, or the harming of endangered species.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13214\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">homicide<\/a> &#8211; the killing of a human being by another, under any circumstances.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13226\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">murder<\/a> \u2013<\/span> the killing of a human being with <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14878\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">malice aforethought<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">manslaughter<\/a> \u2013<\/span> the unlawful killing of a human being without malice <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14878\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aforethought<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13132\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">obstruction of justice<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> impeding or hindering the administration of justice in any way (i.e. fabricating or destroying evidence, witness-tampering, or threatening or intimidating a judge, bribing a juror).<\/strong> \u2014 aka <strong><em>obstructing justice<\/em><\/strong>; <em><strong>obstructing public justice<\/strong>; <strong>perverting the course of<\/strong><\/em><strong> <em>justice<\/em><\/strong>; <strong><em>interfering with the administration of justice<\/em><\/strong>; <strong><em>obstructing the administration of justice<\/em><\/strong>; <strong><em>obstructing the course of justice<\/em><\/strong>; <strong><em>defeating the due course of justice<\/em><\/strong>; <strong><em>defeating the ends of justice<\/em><\/strong>; <em><strong>attempting to pervert the course of justice<\/strong>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Also see <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=10148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Obstructions of Justice associated with Jury Trials<\/strong><\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=6832\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fraud<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> a knowing misrepresentation or concealment of a material fact made to induce another to part with anything of value or surrender some legal right.\u00a0 i.e. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13068\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">election fraud<\/a>.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=10400\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">theft<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> taking something to which one is not entitled, by whatever means <em>(i.e. <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=10437\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">robbery<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=10443\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">burglary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=12907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">embezzlement<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=12863\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extortion<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=6832\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fraud<\/a>).<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=7635\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unlawful detainer<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> the unjustifiable retention of the possession of <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=7436\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">real property<\/a> by one whose original entry was lawful.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=12873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">racketeering<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> a pattern of illegal activity (i.e. bribery, extortion, fraud, murder) carried out as part of an enterprise (i.e. crime syndicate) that is owned or controlled by the conspirators.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13097\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">treason<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> attempting to overthrow one&#8217;s state or the United States, either by making or inciting war against the government or by materially supporting its enemies.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=12807\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trespass<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> a misfeasance, transgression, or offense which damages another&#8217;s person, health, reputation, or property.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=10443\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">burglary<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> breaking and entering any building with the intent to commit a felony (i.e. larceny, murder).<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13938\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">subversion<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> the process of overthrowing, destroying, or corrupting the government, often by infiltrating the government to undermine domestic policy.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\"><strong>Types of Punishments:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13891\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fine<\/a> <\/span>&#8211; a monetary penalty imposed as punishment upon a person convicted of a crime.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13890\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">forfeiture<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> a divestiture of property without compensation, in consequence of a default or an offense.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=6911\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">restitution<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> in cases of <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=6956\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unjust enrichment<\/a> (i.e. fraud, theft), compensation paid by a criminal to a victim, ordered as part of a sentence or as a condition of probation.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Types of<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=5154\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pleadings<\/a> <span style=\"color: #993300;\">in Criminal Cases:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=9062\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal complaint<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> a formal charge accusing a person of having commit a criminal offense.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=9352\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">indictment<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> the formal written accusation of a felony, made by a <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=10005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grand jury<\/a> and presented to a court for prosecution against the accused person.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=12978\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">information<\/a> &#8211;<\/span> a formal criminal charge made by a prosecutor without a grand-jury indictment; technically, an accusation of the commission of a crime, otherwise known as a complaint or affidavit.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; color: #993300; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>References:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Disclaimer: All material throughout this website is compiled in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=2191\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fair Use<\/a><\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>Featured Image of Lady Justice from article, <em>&#8220;Speaking of Allegory,&#8221;<\/em> by David Scott:<a href=\"https:\/\/dtldobsvtn.wordpress.com\/2011\/05\/26\/speaking-of-allegory\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/dtldobsvtn.wordpress.com\/2011\/05\/26\/speaking-of-allegory\/<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>[1]: LawHelp.org, GeorgeLegalAid.org, &#8220;The Difference between Torts and Crimes&#8221; by:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cviog.uga.edu\/\">Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia<\/a>:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.georgialegalaid.org\/resource\/the-difference-between-torts-and-crimes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.georgialegalaid.org\/resource\/the-difference-between-torts-and-crimes<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong>[2]: Judicial Learning Center, &#8220;What Courts Do; Criminal Cases&#8221;:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/judiciallearningcenter.org\/types-of-court-cases\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/judiciallearningcenter.org\/types-of-court-cases\/<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">***********************************<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Back to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Home Page<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote1\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This page is continued from Getting Started &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; How to Navigate this Site &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; Civil Law and Criminal Law &#8211; what&#8217;s the difference?: ****************************** What is a Crime? \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0A crime is a wrongful act that the state or federal government has identified as a crime because it injures or interferes with the &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?p=18003\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Criminal Law Self-Help<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12615,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[6],"class_list":["post-18003","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-legal"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18003","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18003"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18003\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18683,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18003\/revisions\/18683"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18003"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18003"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18003"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}