{"id":9666,"date":"2017-11-26T23:37:59","date_gmt":"2017-11-26T23:37:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=9666"},"modified":"2023-02-19T03:11:04","modified_gmt":"2023-02-19T03:11:04","slug":"personal-actions-in-personam-for-recovery-of-debt-or-personal-property-goods-or-chattels-or-for-damages-or-toehr-redress-for-breach-of-contract-or-other-injuries-but-not-involving-real-property","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=9666","title":{"rendered":"personal action – brought against a person, but not for the purpose of recovering real property"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This page is continued from Civil Law Self-Help<\/a> >>>> Section 5:<\/a> Commence a Civil Action <\/em><\/a>>>>> Types of Actions<\/a>:<\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

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personal action<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n (17c)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. An action brought for the recovery of debts, personal property, or damages arising from any cause.<\/strong> \u2014 aka<\/span> remedial action<\/span><\/strong><\/em>. [1]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Action brought for the specific recovery of goods and chattels, or for damages or other redress for breach of contract or other injuries, of whatever description, the specific recovery of lands, tenements, and hereditaments only excepts.\u00a0<\/span> 1 Am J2d Actions\u00a0\u00a7 38<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>[2]<\/span><\/p>\n

1. An action for the recovery of goods or chattels, or for damages for breach of contract or personal injury, as opposed to an action involving rights to real property.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. An action that must be brought by the person injured or damaged, rather than by his personal representative.<\/strong> [3]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0Excerpt from Benjamin J. Shipman’s<\/span>\u00a0Handbook of Common-Law Pleading<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(Henry Winthrop Ballantine ed., 3d ed.1923):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u201c<\/span>Personal actions are subdivided into those brought for the recovery of a debt or of damages for the breach of a contract, or for tort, for some injury to the person or to relative rights or to personal or real property.\u00a0 The most common of these actions are debt, covenant, assumpsit, detinue, trespass, trespass on the case, trover, and replevin.<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/strong> [4]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.<\/strong> See action in personam. <\/em><\/span>[1]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

action in personam<\/em><\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\n (1800)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I. An action brought against a person rather than property.\u00a0 *\u00a0 An in personam<\/em> judgment is binding on the judgment-debtor and can be enforced against all the property of the judgment-debtor. <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. An action in which the named defendant is a natural or legal person.<\/strong> \u2014 aka<\/span> personal action<\/strong><\/em><\/span>; (in Roman and civil law)<\/span> actio in personam<\/em><\/strong><\/span>; actio personalis<\/em><\/strong><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

in personam<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n [Latin \u201cagainst a person\u201d]<\/span>
\n (18c)<\/span><\/p>\n

l. Involving or determining the personal rights and obligations of the parties. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2.<\/strong> Civil procedure<\/em>. (Of a legal action) brought against a person rather than property.<\/strong> \u2014 aka<\/span> personal<\/strong><\/em><\/span>.\u00a0 See action in personam<\/em> under ACTION (4). Cf. IN REM. \u2014 in personam, adv<\/em>.\u00a0[1]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Excerpt from R.H. Graveson’s\u00a0<\/span>Conflict of Laws<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(7th ed. 1974):<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u201c<\/span>An action is said to be in personam when its object is to determine the rights and interests of the parties themselves in the subject-matter of the action, however the action may arise, and the effect of a judgment in such an action is merely to bind the parties to it. A normal action brought by one person against another for breach of contract is a common example of an action in personam.<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/strong> [5]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Types of Personal Actions:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

action ex contractu<\/em><\/span><\/a> – a personal action arising out of a contract.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

action ex delicto<\/em><\/span><\/a> – a personal action arising out of a tort<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

References:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Disclaimer:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> All material throughout this website is compiled in accordance with Fair Use<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]: Black’s Law Dictionary <\/a><\/span><\/strong>Deluxe<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em> Tenth<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em> Edition<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em> by Henry Campbell Black, Editor in Chief Bryan A. Garner. ISBN: 978-0-314-61300-4 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[2]: Ballantine\u2019s Law <\/a><\/span><\/strong>Dictionary\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/strong>with<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em> Pronunciations<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em> Third Edition<\/a>\u00a0by James A. Ballantine\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>(James Arthur 1871-1949).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Edited by William S. Anderson.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a9 1969 by THE LAWYER\u2019S CO-OPERATIVE PUBLISHING COMPANY.\u00a0 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 68-30931<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[3]:\u00a0\u00a0Ballantine\u2019s Law Dictionary <\/a><\/span><\/strong>Legal<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em> Assistant<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em> Edition<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em>
\nby Jack Ballantine\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>(James Arthur 1871-1949).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Doctored<\/span><\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/em>by\u00a0Jack G. Handler,\u00a0J.D.<\/a>\u00a0\u00a9 1994 Delmar by Thomson Learning.\u00a0 ISBN 0-8273-4874-6.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[4]: Benjamin J. Shipman, Handbook of Common-Law Pleading<\/em><\/a> \u00a7 34, at 65 (Henry Winthrop Ballantine ed., 3d ed.1923L<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[5]:\u00a0R.H. Graveson,\u00a0Conflict of Laws<\/em><\/a> 98 (7th ed. 1974).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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