{"id":8338,"date":"2017-11-18T19:33:58","date_gmt":"2017-11-18T19:33:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=8338"},"modified":"2018-08-27T16:42:30","modified_gmt":"2018-08-27T16:42:30","slug":"ownership-the-bundle-of-rights-allowing-one-to-possess-use-manage-and-enjoy-property-including-the-right-to-convey-it-to-others-regardless-of-of-any-actual-or-constructive-control","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=8338","title":{"rendered":"ownership &#8211; the &#8220;bundle of rights&#8221; to possess, use, manage, enjoy, &#038;\/or convey property, by the person who has both title and dominion over it"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0This page is continued from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=8773\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Law of Property<\/a>\u00a0&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=7427\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Property<\/a>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*****************************<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">own<\/span>:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><em>vb<\/em>. (bef. 12c)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>1. To rightfully have or possess as property; to have <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=16247\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legal title<\/a> to.<\/strong> [1]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1. To be the owner of anything.<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em> State ex rel. Cole v District Court<\/em>, 79 Mont 11, 254 P 863<\/span>.<\/strong> [2]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>1. To be the owner of anything.<\/strong> [3]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">ownership<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(16c)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>1. The bundle of rights allowing one to use, manage, and enjoy property, including the right to convey it to others.\u00a0 *\u00a0 Ownership implies the right to possess a thing, regardless of any actual or constructive control.\u00a0 Ownership rights are general, permanent, and heritable.<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0[1]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><b>1. The rights of an owner. \u00a0Title to <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=7427\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">property<\/a>. \u00a0Dominion over property. \u00a0The <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=16124\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">right of possession<\/a> and control of property, including the right to protect and defend such <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=5704\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">possession<\/a> against the intrusion or <\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\"><b>trespass<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><b>\u00a0of others. <\/b><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">42 Am J1st Prop\u00a0\u00a7 40<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><b style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">The right to dispose of a thing as one pleases, <\/b><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\"><b>provided<\/b><\/span><\/span><b style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0the rights of others are not thereby <\/b><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18.6667px;\"><b>infringed<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><b>\u00a0or some law violated. <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">See <\/span><strong style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em>Higgins Oil &amp; Fuel Co. v Guaranty Oil Co.<\/em> 145 La 233, 82 So 206, 5 ALR 411, 414<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> [2]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">1. The rights of an owner, including the right to possess and control property.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0See <em>coownership<\/em>; <em>incident of ownership<\/em>; <em>indicia of ownership<\/em>; <em>joint ownership<\/em>; <em>ostensible ownership<\/em>; <em>owner<\/em>; <em>sole and unconditional ownership<\/em>; <em>sole ownership<\/em>; <em>unconditional ownership<\/em>. [3]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Excerpt from<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"text_exposed_show\"><a href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/326\/501\/case.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Marsh v. Alabama<\/em><\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(1946):<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u201c<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Ownership does not always mean absolute dominion. The more an owner, for his advantage, opens up his property for use by the public in general, the more do his rig<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"text_exposed_show\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">hts become circumscribed by the statutory and constitutional powers of those who use it.<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201d<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> [2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"text_exposed_show\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> \u00a0Excerpt from John Salmond&#8217;s<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Salmond-Jurisprudence-Eleventh-G-Williams\/dp\/B0032VJO0G\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Jurisprudence<\/em><\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(Glanville L. Williams ed., 10th ed. 1947):<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u201c<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=5704\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Possession<\/a> is the <em>de facto<\/em> exercise of a claim; ownership is the <em>de jure<\/em> recognition of one. \u00a0A thing is owned by me when my claim to it is maintained by the will of the state as expressed in the law; it is possessed by me, when my claim to it is maintained by my own self-assertive will. \u00a0Ownership is the guarantee of the law; <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=5704\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">possession<\/a> is the guarantee of the facts. It is well to have both forms if possible; and indeed they normally co-exist.<\/span>\u201d<\/strong> [3]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">owner<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">:<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(bef. 12c)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>1. Someone who has the right to possess, use. and convey something; a person In whom one or more interests are vested.\u00a0 *\u00a0 An owner may have complete property in the thing or may have parted with some interests in it (as by granting an easement or making a lease).\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\">1. One who has complete dominion over particular property. <span style=\"color: #800000;\">42 Am J1st Prop\u00a0\u00a7 37<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">The person in whom the legal or equitable title rests. <span style=\"color: #800000;\">Anno: 2 ALR 779, s. 95 ALR 1086<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">In common understanding, the person who, in case of the destruction of property, must sustain the loss. <span style=\"color: #800000;\">42 Am J1sst Prop\u00a0\u00a7 37<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">As the meaning of &#8220;owner&#8221; as used in statues relating to eh assessment and collection of taxes, see <span style=\"color: #800000;\">Anno: 2 ALR 792<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">As to the meaning of the word &#8220;owner&#8221; as used in statutes penalizing unlawful cutting of timerber, see <span style=\"color: #800000;\">Anno: 2 ALR 799<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">As to the maning of the term &#8220;owner&#8221; as used in statutes declaring who may redeem from sale under execution, <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">see <\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Anno: 2 ALR 794<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">As to the meaning of &#8220;owner&#8221; as used in real property stattues, <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">see <\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Anno: 2 ALR 778<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>As to the meaning of the term &#8220;owner&#8221; as used in statutes relating to trespass or forcible entry and detainer, <\/strong>see <strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Anno: 2 ALR 798<\/span>.<\/strong> [2]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">1. A person who has title to property and dominion over it.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0See <em>coownership<\/em>; <em>part owner<\/em>;<em> reputed owner<\/em>; <em>riparian owner<\/em>. [3]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #993300;\">Related Terms:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=16635\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">dominion<\/span><\/a> &#8211; ownership and <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=16638\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">control<\/a> <\/span>, or <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=16638\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">control<\/a> <\/span>and <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=5704\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">possession<\/a> <\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=16638\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">control<\/span><\/a> &#8211; power or authority to manage, direct, or oversee, or physical reten<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">tion of <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=5704\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">possession<\/a> of an item or its maintenance in a secure place.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=5704\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">possession<\/span><\/a> &#8211; detention or use of a physical thing with intent to hold it as one&#8217;s own; asserting <span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=16635\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dominion<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=16648\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">domain<\/span> <\/a>&#8211; an <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=16393\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estate in\u00a0land<\/a> by one who has paramount title and <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8395\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unqualified ownership<\/a> , or the land itself rather than the ownership and control thereof.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=16658\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">public domain<\/span><\/a> &#8211; government-owned land, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>or<\/em><\/span> a composition, devise, or process so well known and in such common use, or explicitly dedicated, so as not to be patentable.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=2844\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">eminent domain<\/span><\/a> &#8211; the power of a government to authorize the taking of private property for a public use or public purpose without the owner&#8217;s consent, conditioned upon the payment of a just compensation.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=8426\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">interest<\/span><\/a> &#8211; all or part of a legal or equitable claim to or right in property; a share, claim, or title.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=8613\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">estate<\/span><\/a> &#8211; the amount, degree, nature, and quality of a person&#8217;s interest in property, usually &#8220;real estate interest which may become possessory.&#8221;<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Unqualified (Absolute) Ownership<\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\">and related terms:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8395\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">unqualified ownership<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; absolute ownership with no limitations or qualification placed on it.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8372\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">corporeal ownership<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; actual and complete ownership of land or chattels with the right to use and control.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8387\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">perfect ownership<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; the complete bundle of rights to use, enjoy, and dispose of property without limitation.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2014 aka<\/span> <em><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">full ownership<\/span><\/strong><\/em>; <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><strong>complete ownership<\/strong><\/em><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8398\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">nested ownership<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> &#8211; wherein the title is perfect; absolute ownership.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #993300;\">Various Conditions of Ownership:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">cross ownership<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> &#8211; ownership by a single person or entity of two or more related businesses such that the owner can control competition.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8367\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">contingent ownership<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; wherein title is imperfect but is capable of becoming perfect on the fulfillment of some condition.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Various Forms of Qualified (Less Than Absolute) Ownership (Interest<\/span>):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=8424\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">qualified ownership (interest)<\/span><\/a> &#8211; shared, restricted to a particular use, or limited in the extent\u00a0of its enjoyment; less than absolute ownership.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8376\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">imperfect ownership<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; ownership party subject to a usufruct interest held by\u00a0another.\u00a0<em>\u2014 <\/em>aka<\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em> naked ownership<\/em><\/span><em>.<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=8605\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">usufruct<\/span><\/a> -the right to the use, enjoyment, profits, and avails of property belonging to another.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8384\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">ownership in common<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; shared by two or more persons whose interests are divisible, and, at death, pass to the dead owner\u2019s heirs or successors.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text_exposed_show\">\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8389\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">public ownership<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; government owns at least 51% or controlling share of the company.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #993300;\">Legal Terms Pertaining Explicitly to Land Ownership:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">charter land<\/span> <\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; &#8220;freehold land&#8221; held under royal charter or deed (generally for churches and leaders).<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8418\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">owner&#8217;s policy<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; a title-insurance policy covering the owner\u2019s title as well as the mortgagee&#8217;s\u00a0interest (real estate).<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #993300;\">Property Transfers &#8211; related terms:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">bonitary ownership<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; a type of equitable ownership recognized by the praetor when the property was conveyed by an informal transfer, or by a formal transfer by one who is not the true owner.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><em>Without\u00a0<\/em>Controlling Interest:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8378\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">incorporeal ownership<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; ownership interest in land or chattels without the right to use or control, as with mineral rights.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8579\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">stakeholder<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; someone who has an interest or concern in a business or enterprise, though not necessarily as an owner, and whose interest may possibly be contested.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"text_exposed_show\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300; font-size: 18pt;\">Forms of Ownership Pertaining to Trusts:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8343\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">beneficial ownership<\/span><\/a> &#8211; a beneficiary\u2019s interest in trust property and\/or a corporate shareholder\u2019s power to buy or sell the shares.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8393\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">trust ownership<\/span><\/a> &#8211; a trustee\u2019s interest in trust property.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #993300;\"><strong>Miscellaneous:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=12079\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">encumbrance<\/span><\/a> &#8211; an interest attached to real property, or the title or record thereof, that may lessen its value, such as a lien, mortgage, or easement; any property right that is not an ownership interest.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300; font-size: 18pt;\">Types of Ownership Pertaining to Oil and Gas:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8407\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">ownership-in-place theory<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211;\u00a0used in a majority of jurisdictions: holds that the owner has the right to present possession of the oil and gas, as well as the right to use the land surface to search, develop, and produce from the property, but that the interest in the minerals terminates if the oil and gas flows out from under the owner\u2019s land.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8409\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">nonownership theory<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; used in a minority of jurisdictions, holds that the owner of a severed mineral interest does not have a present right to possess the oil and gas in place but only to search for, develop, and produce it.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300; font-size: 18pt;\">Instruments:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8840\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">deed<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; a written instrument that is signed, sealed, and delivered and that conveys some interest in property.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">own-work exclusion<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong> See EXCLUSION (3).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">owned property exclusion<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong> See EXCLUSION (3)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"text_exposed_show\">\n<div class=\"text_exposed_show\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">adjoining owner<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span> (18c) <strong>Someone who owns land abutting another\u2019s; ABUTTER.<\/strong> \u2014 aka <em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>adjoiner<\/strong><\/span>.<\/em><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">beneficial owner<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span> (18c) <strong>1. One recognized in equity as the owner of something because use and title belong to that person, even though legal title may belong to someone else; especially. one for whom property is held in trust. <\/strong>\u2014 aka <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><strong>equitable owner<\/strong><\/em><\/span>.<strong>\u00a0 2. A corporate shareholder who has the owner to buy or sell the shares, but who is not registered on the corporation\u2019s books as the owner. 3.<\/strong><em>Intellectual property<\/em>. <strong>A person or entity who is entitled to enjoy the rights in a patent, trademark. or copyright even though legal title is vested in someone else.\u00a0 *\u00a0 The beneficial owner has standing to sue for infringement.\u00a0 A corporation is typically a beneficial owner if it has a contractual right to the assignment of the patent but the employee who owns the patent has failed to assign it.\u00a0 Similarly, a patent or copyright owner who has transferred title as collateral to secure a loan would be a beneficial owner entitled to sue for infringement.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">copyright owner<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong> See COPYRIGHT OWNER.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">disponent owner<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span> (1958) <em>Scots law<\/em>. The conveying owner; SELLER (2).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">general owner<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span> (18c) <strong>Someone who has the primary or residuary title to property; one who has the ultimate <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>ownership of property.\u00a0<\/strong> Cf. special owner.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">innocent owner<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span> (18c) <strong>The owner of property that another person uses without the owner\u2019s knowledge or <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>consent while committing a wrongful act or omission.\u00a0<\/strong> See <em>innocent-owner defense<\/em> under DEFENSE (1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">legal owner<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong> (17c) <strong>One recognized by law as the owner of something; especially, one who holds legal title to property for the benefit of another.\u00a0<\/strong> See TRUSTEE (1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">limited owner<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span> (1836) <strong>A tenant for life; the owner of a life estate.\u00a0<\/strong> See <em>life estate<\/em> under ESTATE (1).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">naked owner<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span> (1882) <em>Civil law<\/em>. <strong>A person whose property is burdened by a usufruct.\u00a0 * The naked owner has the right to dispose of the property subject to the usufruct. but not to derive its fruits.<\/strong>\u00a0 See USUPRUCT.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">owner pro hac vice<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span> See <em>bareboat charter<\/em> under CHARTER (8).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=16956\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">record owner<\/span><\/a> &#8211; the owner of real estate or other property (e.g. stocks, bonds) at the time of question according to public or corporate records.<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 aka\u00a0<em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>owner of record<\/strong><\/span>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">sole and unconditional owner<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span> (1871) <em>Insurance<\/em>. <strong>The owner who has full equitable title to. and exclusive interest in, the insured property.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">special owner<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span> (18c) <strong>One (such as a bailee) with a qualified interest in property. Cf. general owner.<\/strong> [1]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">References:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Disclaimer:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> All material throughout this website is compiled in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=2191\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fair Use<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\">[1]: <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=5451\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Black&#8217;s Law Dictionary <\/a><\/span><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=5451\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Deluxe<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=5451\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Tenth<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=5451\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Edition<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> by Henry Campbell Black, Editor in Chief Bryan A. Garner. ISBN: 978-0-314-61300-4 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\">[2]: <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=9167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ballantine\u2019s Law <\/a><\/span><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=9167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Dictionary\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=9167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>with<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=9167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Pronunciations<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em> <strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=9167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Third Edition<\/a>\u00a0by James A. Ballantine\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><em><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(James Arthur 1871-1949).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Edited by William S. Anderson.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a9 1969 by THE LAWYER\u2019S CO-OPERATIVE PUBLISHING COMPANY.\u00a0 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 68-30931<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\">[3]:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ballantine\u2019s Law Dictionary <\/a><\/span><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Legal<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Assistant<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em> <em><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Edition<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><br \/>\nby Jack Ballantine\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><em><span style=\"font-size: large;\">(James Arthur 1871-1949).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawyeredu.org\/what-is-a-juris-doctorate-degree.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Doctored<\/span><\/a><\/strong><em><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\">by\u00a0Jack G. Handler,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawyeredu.org\/what-is-a-juris-doctorate-degree.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">J.D.<\/a>\u00a0\u00a9 1994 Delmar by Thomson Learning.\u00a0 ISBN 0-8273-4874-6.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">************************ <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">Back to <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=7427\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Property<\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">Home Page<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">Like this website?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildwillpower.org\/contact-us\/wild-willpower-pac-needs-food-outdoor-gear-a-prius-v\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><b>Donate to Wild Willpower PAC<\/b><\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">or donate via\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.paypal.com\/\">PayPal<\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">here<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"western\" align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><ul class=\"ul-addw2p ul-addw2p-paypalbutton\">\n<li>please set some widgets to show from Appearance -> Widgets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.reunitethestates.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/ReUniteTheStates-Card.jpg?resize=474%2C271\" width=\"474\" height=\"271\" name=\"graphics1\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Disclaimer:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wildwillpower.org\/\">Wild Willpower<\/a>\u00a0does not condone the actions of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OglrzNohp3Q\">Maximilian Robespierre<\/a>, however the above quote is excellent!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\">This website is being broadcast for\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wildwillpower.org\/about-wild-willpower\/a-peaceable-assembly-of-civilians\">First Amendment purposes<\/a>\u00a0courtesy of<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wildwillpower.org\/about-wild-willpower\/a-peaceable-assembly-of-civilians\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.reunitethestates.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Wild-WIllpower-array-of-greens.jpg?resize=474%2C83\" width=\"474\" height=\"83\" name=\"graphics2\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"1\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">Question(s)?\u00a0 Suggestion(s)?<br \/>\nDistance@WildWillpower.org.<br \/>\n<\/span><em><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">We look forward to hearing from you!<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0This page is continued from\u00a0Law of Property\u00a0&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;\u00a0Property: ***************************** own: vb. (bef. 12c) 1. To rightfully have or possess as property; to have legal title to. [1] 1. To be the owner of anything. State ex rel. Cole v District Court, 79 Mont 11, 254 P 863. [2] 1. To be the owner of &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=8338\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">ownership &#8211; the &#8220;bundle of rights&#8221; to possess, use, manage, enjoy, &#038;\/or convey property, by the person who has both title and dominion over it<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7427,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8338","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8338","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8338"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8338\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16962,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8338\/revisions\/16962"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8338"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}