{"id":8009,"date":"2017-11-17T04:59:36","date_gmt":"2017-11-17T04:59:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=8009"},"modified":"2018-01-28T21:16:36","modified_gmt":"2018-01-28T21:16:36","slug":"miscellaneous-specific-torts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=8009","title":{"rendered":"Various Types of Torts \u00a7 2:"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This page is continued from <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=10714\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Civil Law Self-Help Walkthrough<\/a>:<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">************************<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">General Descriptive Terms<\/span><br \/>\nUsed to Help Classify Torts;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Which of the following may apply to your case?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7028\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">mass tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 a civil wrong that injures many people.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7984\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">intentional tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 committed by someone acting with general or specific intent (i.e. battery, false imprisonment, trespass to land).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7992\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">negligent tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 committed by failure to observe the standard of care required by law under the circumstances. <\/strong>\u2014 aka<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong> <em>act of negligence<\/em><\/strong><\/span><em>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">prima facie tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 an unjustified, intentional infliction of harm on another person, resulting in damages, by one or more acts that would otherwise be lawful (often business related).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">public tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 a minor breach of the law (i.e. a parking violation) that, although it carries a criminal punishment, is considered a civil offense rather than a criminal one because it is merely a prohibited act and not inherently reprehensible\u00a0conduct.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">quasi-tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 when one who did not directly commit is liable, such as when an employer is held liable for a tort committed by an employee.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7989\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">maritime tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 any tort within admiralty jurisdiction.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">******************************<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #993300;\"><strong>Personal Torts:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal tort<\/a><\/span> \u2013 injury to one\u2019s person, reputation, or feelings.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7952\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">dignitary tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 injury to one\u2019s reputation or honor (defamation).<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #993300;\"><strong>Filing Against Government Officials:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7971\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">government tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 committed by the government through an employee, agent, or instrumentality under its control.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=6993\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">constitutional tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 a violation of one\u2019s constitutional rights by a government officer, redressable\u00a0by a civil action filed directly against the officer.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=11365\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">tortious denial of benefits<\/span><\/a> \u2013 the improper, often baseless refusal to recognize a valid claim for financial assistance. <\/strong>\u2014 aka<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong> <em>wrongful denial of benefits<\/em><\/strong><\/span><em>.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=11184\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tort-Claims Act<\/a> \u2013 a federal or state statute that, under stated circumstances, waives sovereign immunity and allows lawsuits by people who claim they have been injured by the government or its agents and employees; these laws typically require the prospective plaintiff to file a claim before starting litigation, giving the government an opportunity to engage in discovery and, sometimes, settle.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\"><strong>Torts that involve<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Environmental Damage and\/or Toxic Chemicals:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">e<span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">nvironmental tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 involves exposure to disagreeable or harmful environmental conditions\u00a0or harm to &amp; degradation of an environment <\/strong><em>(i.e. land, water, air)<strong>.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">toxic tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 a civil wrong arising from exposure to a toxic substance, such as asbestos, radiation, or hazardous waste.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #993300;\"><strong>Business Related:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">business tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 a tort that impairs some aspect of an economic interest or business relationship, causing economic loss rather than property damage or bodily harm. \u2014 <\/strong>aka <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><strong>economic tort<\/strong><\/em><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8070\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">tortious interference with contractual relations<\/span><\/a> \u2013 a third party\u2019s intentional inducement of a contracting party to break a contract, causing damage to the relationship between the contracting parties.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8086\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">tortious interference with prospective advantage<\/span><\/a> \u2013 an intentional, damaging intrusion on another\u2019s potential business relationship, such as the opportunity of obtaining customers or employment.\u00a0\u2014<\/strong>\u00a0aka\u00a0<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><strong>intentional interference with prospective economic advantage<\/strong><\/em><\/span>; <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><strong>interference with a business relationship<\/strong><\/em><\/span>; <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><strong>tortious interference with a business advantage<\/strong><\/em><\/span>;<span style=\"color: #800000;\"> <em><strong>tortious interference with economic relations<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #993300;\"><strong>Family Law Torts:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">marital tort<\/a><\/span> \u2013 a tort by one spouse against the other (i.e. assault and battery, transmission of STDs, emotional distress).\u00a0\u2014 <\/strong>aka\u00a0<em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>domestic tort<\/strong><\/span>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">preconception tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 committed before the victim has been conceived.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">prenatal tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 committed against a fetus (including torts a child can sue for after being born).<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #993300;\"><strong>Miscellaneous Torts:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">property tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 the unlawful interference by one person with the enjoyment by another of his private property, including property loss or damage to such property.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=8092\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">sanctions tort<\/span><\/a> \u2013 a means of recovery for another party\u2019s discovery abuse, whereby the judge orders the abusive party to pay a fine to the injured party for the discovery violation.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=11361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">tortious battery<\/span><\/a> \u2013 a nonconsensual, intentional, and offensive touching of another, but not necessarily with the intent to do harm or offense as required in a criminal battery.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"text_exposed_show\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=11367\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Tort-of-Another Doctrine<\/span><\/a> \u2013 in some states, a statutory rule that authorizes a court to award litigation related expenses, including attorney\u2019s fees, to a prevailing party forced to bring or defend a lawsuit against a third party for a tort committed by someone else who refused, after notice, to bring or defend the lawsuit.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=6984\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Crimes that usually cause Torts<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 actionable via both <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=2629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">civil proceedings<\/a>\u00a0<em>and<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=2629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal proceedings<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote1\" dir=\"LTR\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">******************************************<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">Back to <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7037\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Types of Torts<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=2629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">Civil Proceedings (Torts) &#8211; Pro Se Self-Help<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=6964\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">Criminal Proceedings <\/span><\/strong><em><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><b>Pro\u00a0Se\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/em><strong><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><b>Self<\/b><\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">-Help<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">Like this website?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.crowdpac.com\/campaigns\/289757\/startup-funds-for-wild-willpower-pac-housing-eco-wise-homesteading-solutions-for-all\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">Please Support Our Fundraiser<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">or donate via\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.paypal.com\/\">PayPal<\/a>:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"western\" align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><ul class=\"ul-addw2p ul-addw2p-paypalbutton\">\n<li>please set some widgets to show from Appearance -> Widgets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span><\/h4>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.reunitethestates.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/ReUniteTheStates-Card.jpg?resize=474%2C271\" width=\"474\" height=\"271\" name=\"graphics1\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Disclaimer:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wildwillpower.org\/\">Wild Willpower<\/a>\u00a0does not condone the actions of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OglrzNohp3Q\">Maximilian Robespierre<\/a>, however the above quote is excellent!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"Section1\" dir=\"LTR\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\">This website is being broadcast for\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wildwillpower.org\/about-wild-willpower\/a-peaceable-assembly-of-civilians\">First Amendment purposes<\/a>\u00a0courtesy of<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wildwillpower.org\/about-wild-willpower\/a-peaceable-assembly-of-civilians\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.reunitethestates.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Wild-WIllpower-array-of-greens.jpg?resize=474%2C83\" width=\"474\" height=\"83\" name=\"graphics2\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"2\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">Question(s)?\u00a0 Suggestion(s)?<br \/>\nLike to offer financial support?<br \/>\nEmail Distance@WildWillpower.org.<br \/>\n<\/span><em><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">We look forward to hearing from you!<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This page is continued from Civil Law Self-Help Walkthrough: ************************ General Descriptive Terms Used to Help Classify Torts; \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Which of the following may apply to your case? mass tort \u2013 a civil wrong that injures many people. intentional tort \u2013 committed by someone acting with general or specific intent (i.e. battery, false imprisonment, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=8009\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Various Types of Torts \u00a7 2:<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7037,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8009","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8009","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8009"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8009\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12460,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8009\/revisions\/12460"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8009"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}