{"id":5867,"date":"2017-09-30T15:30:13","date_gmt":"2017-09-30T15:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=5867"},"modified":"2025-01-07T20:50:02","modified_gmt":"2025-01-07T20:50:02","slug":"supreme-court-rulings-re-race-segregation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=5867","title":{"rendered":"Brown v. Board of Education (1954) – ended segregation in school, declaring that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Facts, summary, and citation are listed below.\u00a0\u00a0First\u00a0\u2014\u00a0<\/em>here’s an excellent video with firsthand footage of this historic moment in history from PBS News Hour<\/a>:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>[1]<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/newshour\/videos\/10155821038223675\/?hc_ref=ARR_nQVHOv0UVjtzUVhJbTxDx4dyGgmuHXnJRp-qN1k9bUNEFbvN6PmkWiaGRxGZg48<\/a><\/p>\n

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Facts:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0A series of cases went to the Supreme Court<\/a> form the states of Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware.\u00a0 Sine all of the cases involved the same basic problem \u2014African American minors, through their legal representatives, seeking the aid of the courts in obtaining admission to the public schools of their respective communities on a non-segregated basis\u00a0\u2014 all were determined by one decision of the Court.\u00a0 The Kansas case became the nomi<\/span><\/strong>nal leading case.\u00a0 In the various states, the black children were of elementary or high school age or both.\u00a0 Segregation requirements were on a statutory and state constitutional basis except in Kansas where only statutory provisions\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>were involved.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Question:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other \u201ctangible\u201d factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Decision:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Yes.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Reasons:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/b><\/span>OJ. Warren<\/em> (9-0).\u00a0 Although the intentions of the authors of the Fourteenth Amendment<\/a> regarding segregation were not altogether clear, the issue of segregation in schools needed to be decided not in the light of the nineteenth century but in light of the modern world in which education had <\/b><\/span>significantly<\/b><\/span>\u00a0expanded and was generally considered essential for success in life.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Intangible factors involved in the separation of students of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race need very serious consideration.\u00a0 Such segregation of white and black children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the black children, an impact that is greater when it has the sanction of law.\u00a0 It \u201cgenerates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone. . . .\u00a0 We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of \u2018separate but equal\u2019 has no place.\u00a0 Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.\u00a0 Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>by the Fourteenth Amendment.<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Note:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0This was the historic school desegregation case that reversed the \u201cseparate but equal\u201d doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson<\/em>, 163 US. 537 (1896).\u00a0 In a companion case, Boiling v. Sharpe<\/em>, the Court decided that desegregation would also apply in the District of Columbia.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>[2]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Citation:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka<\/em>, 347 1.1.5. 483; 74 S. Ct. 686; 98<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0L. Ed. 873 (1954)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Chief Justice Earl Warren<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Born –<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>March 19, 1891,\u00a0Los Angeles, CA<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Died –<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>July 9, 1974,\u00a0Washington, D.C.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Party –<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Republican Party<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Appointed by –<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Dwight D. Eisenhower<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
In office –<\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span>October 5, 1953\u00a0\u2013 June 23, 1969<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n
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Photo by\u00a0Harris & Ewing Photography Firm<\/a>\u00a0utilized in accordance with Fair Use<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Disclaimer:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> All material throughout this website is pertinent to people everywhere, and is being utilized in accordance with Fair Use<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]: PBS News Hour,\u00a0“Brown v. Board of Education<\/em>\u00a0(1954):\u00a0<\/em>https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/tag\/brown-v-board-of-education<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[2]: Rowman & Littlefield\u2019s\u00a0Essential Supreme Court Decisions\u00a016th Edition\u00a0<\/em><\/a>by\u00a0John R. Vile<\/a>.\u00a0 p 114.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Facts, summary, and citation are listed below.\u00a0\u00a0First\u00a0\u2014\u00a0here’s an excellent video with firsthand footage of this historic moment in history from PBS News Hour:\u00a0[1]   Facts: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0A series of cases went to the Supreme Court form the states of Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware.\u00a0 Sine all of the cases involved the … Continue reading Brown v. Board of Education (1954) – ended segregation in school, declaring that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal<\/span> →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":4092,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5867","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5867"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5867\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18732,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5867\/revisions\/18732"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4092"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}