{"id":2435,"date":"2015-03-12T01:21:19","date_gmt":"2015-03-12T01:21:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ourlandstoo.org\/?page_id=2435"},"modified":"2024-08-19T04:12:35","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T04:12:35","slug":"a-simple-very-important-introduction-to-civil-law","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=2435","title":{"rendered":"Admiralty Law – international commercial law exercising jurisdiction over maritime issues:"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0This section is continued from\u00a0Forms of Jurisprudence <\/a><\/em><\/strong>(Legal Precepts) <\/a><\/em>Adopted into U.S. Law<\/a><\/em><\/strong> (from Europe)<\/a><\/em> through the Constitution<\/a><\/em>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Although\u00a0Article III Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution<\/a> mentions 3 modes of\u00a0jurisprudence<\/a> in which government officials may havver:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.)\u00a0Law<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2.) Equity<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3.)\u00a0Admiralty<\/span>:<\/span>
\n<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0n<\/em>.<\/em>\u00a0(16c)<\/p>\n

l. A court that exercises jurisdiction over all maritime contracts, torts, injuries, or offenses.\u00a0 *\u00a0 The federal courts are so called when exercising their admiralty jurisdiction, which is conferred by the U.S. Constitution (art. 111, \u00a7 2, cl. 1<\/a>).<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 aka\u00a0admiralty court<\/strong><\/em><\/span>;\u00a0maritime court<\/strong><\/em><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. The system of jurisprudence that has grown out of the practice of admiralty courts; MARITIME LAW.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Narrowly, the rules governing contract, tort, and workers\u2019-compensation claims arising out of commerce on or over navigable water.\u00a0<\/strong>\u2014 aka (in\u00a0senses 2 & 3) admiralty law<\/strong><\/em><\/span>. \u2014 admiralty,\u00a0adj<\/em>.\u00a0[1]<\/span><\/p>\n

1. The body of law that regulates the conduct of affairs on navigable waters.\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See\u00a0maritime law<\/em>. [2]<\/span><\/p>\n

1. The law of the sea and the practice pertaining thereto. Courts with jurisdiction in admiralty cases.
\n<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0See\u00a0general average<\/em>;\u00a0high court of admiralty<\/em>;\u00a0high seas<\/em>;\u00a0libel<\/em>;\u00a0lord high admiral<\/em>;\u00a0maritime law<\/em>;\u00a0navigable<\/em>,\u00a0et seq<\/em>.;\u00a0prize court<\/em>;\u00a0proceeding in admiralty<\/em>;\u00a0proctor<\/em>;\u00a0respondentia bond<\/em>;\u00a0salvage<\/em>;\u00a0sea laws<\/em>;\u00a0towage<\/em>;\u00a0vice-admiralty courts<\/em>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

admiralty court<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. A court having admiralty jurisdiction.\u00a0<\/strong>[3]<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Federal courts entitled to exercise admiralty jurisdiction, specifically, the District Courts of the United States.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>[2]<\/span><\/p>\n

court of admiralty<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. A court entitled to exercise admiralty\u00a0jurisdiction, which is a federal district court, state courts having no admiralty jurisdiction.\u00a0 2 Am J2d Adm\u00a0\u00a7 10<\/span>. <\/span><\/strong>[3]<\/span><\/p>\n

admiralty jurisdiction<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. The power of an admiralty court to try cases involving admiralty matters.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See\u00a0jurisdiction<\/em>. [2]<\/span><\/p>\n

admiralty jurisdiction<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. A special jurisdiction of maritime cases vested exclusively in the federal courts. The limits of admiralty jurisdiction are not prescribed by the Constitution or statute; they have been prescribed as the occasion arose by judicial\u00a0interpretation.\u00a02 Am J2d Adm \u00a7\u00a7 1-8<\/span>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

admiralty and maritime jurisdiction<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span>
\n(18C)<\/span><\/p>\n

1. The exercise of authority over maritime cases by theU.S. district courts<\/a>\u00a0sitting in admiralty.\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em>\u00a028 USCA S 1333<\/a><\/strong>. Often shortened to\u00a0admiralty jurisdiction<\/em><\/strong>;\u00a0maritime jurisdiction<\/em><\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em>\u00a0SUPPLEMENTAL RULES FOR CERTAIN MARITIME AND ADMIRALTY CLAIMS<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

maritima Angliae<\/em><\/span>:<\/strong><\/span>
\n[Law Latin)<\/span>
\n(17c)\u00a0Hist<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

l. The seacoast.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. The Crown\u2019s sea revenue, as from wreckage and from whales or sturgeons cast ashore.\u00a0 The revenue was formerly collected by sheriffs<\/a> and later by the Lord High Admiral.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

maritima incrementa<\/em><\/span>:<\/strong><\/span>
\n[\u201cmarine increases\u201d]
\n(18c) Hist<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Alluvion caused by the sea; land gained from the sea.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

maritime<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong>
\nadj<\/em>. (16c)<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Connected with or situated near the sea.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. Of, relating to, or involving sea navigation or commerce.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>[1]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Excerpt from Steven F. Friedell’s\u00a0Benedict on Admiralty<\/em><\/a>\u00a0(7th ed. 1996):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u201cThe word \u2018maritime\u2019 has in the Constitution its appropriate meaning, i.e., relating to the sea, and \u2018sea\u2019 is a word of wide extension and application . . . . Its classical and scriptural equivalents are applied to all sorts of navigable waters.\u00a0 It is not restricted, even in common speech, to waters where the tide ebbs and flows, for the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the Sea of Azof, the Sea of Marmora, the Mediterranean Sea, the great scenes of early maritime enterprise, have no visible tide.<\/span>\u201d<\/strong> [4]<\/span><\/p>\n

Maritime Administration<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. A unit in the U.S. Department of Transportation responsible for subsidizing certain costs of operating ships under the U.S. flag; constructing or supervising the construction of merchant-type ships for the U.S. government; administering the War Risk Insurance Program; and operating the Merchant Marine Academy, which trains merchant-marine officers.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Abbr. MARAD. <\/span><\/p>\n

maritime belt<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. See territorial waters under WATER.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

maritime boundary<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. See territorial waters under WATER.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

maritime claim<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. See CLAIM (4).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Maritime Commission<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. See FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

maritime-connection doctrine<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. See LOCALITY-PLUS TEST. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

maritime contract<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. See CONTRACT.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

maritime crime. See CRIME.<\/span><\/p>\n

maritime employment<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong>
\n(1929)<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Under the Longshoremen\u2019s and Harbor Workers\u2019 Compensation Act, a job that is related to the loading, unloading, construction, or repair\u00a0<\/span>of a vessel.\u00a0 33 USCA \u00a7 902(3)<\/a>. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

maritime flag<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. A flag designated for use on a vessel to show in what country the vessel is registered.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

duty of the flag<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span>
\n(17c)<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Hist.\u00a0<\/em><\/span>A maritime ceremony by which a foreign vessel struck her flag and lowered her topsail upon meeting the British flag.\u00a0 *\u00a0 The ceremony was an acknowledgment of British sovereignty over the British seas.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

maritime flavor<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong>
\n(1917)<\/span><\/p>\n

1. The relation of a given case to shipping concerns.\u00a0 *\u00a0 This is a factor used in determining federal admiralty jurisdiction over a particular matter by analyzing whether the matter sufficiently relates to marine and shipping concerns and whether there is need<\/span>\u00a0for a federal response.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

maritime interest<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Interest charged on a loan secured by a sea vessel or its cargo, or both. 0 Because of the lender\u2019s considerable risk, the interest rate may be extraordinarily high. <\/strong>\u2014 aka marine interest<\/em><\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

maritime law<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span>
\n(17c)<\/span><\/p>\n

1. The body of law governing marine commerce and navigation, the carriage at sea of persons and property, and marine affairs in general; the rules governing contract, tort, and workers\u2019-compensation claims or relating to commerce on or over water. Also termed admiralty; admiralty law;,sea law.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

general maritime law<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span>
\n (18c)<\/span><\/p>\n

1. The body of U.S. legal precedents and doctrines developed through caselaw in maritime and admiralty litigation.\u00a0 *\u00a0 General maritime law is a branch of federal common law.\u00a0 It is distinguished from statutory law.\u00a0<\/strong>\u2014 Abbr. GML.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Excerpt from Thomas J. Schoenbaum,\u00a0Admiralty and Maritime Law\u00a0<\/em>122 (1987):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0“The general maritime law is characterized by the expansive and dominant role played by federal courts in fashioning and applying its precepts to new <\/span><\/b>situations<\/b><\/span>.\u00a0 Large areas of maritime tort law have not been touched by legislation; these are left to the federal courts to define and fill.\u00a0 In areas <\/b>preempted<\/b><\/span>\u00a0by legislation, federal courts may not establish principles in derogation of the congressional mandate.\u00a0 However, in the framework of admiralty jurisdiction, federal courts may still play an active role in interpreting statutes, filling gaps, and <\/b>coordinating<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0legislation with the general maritime law.<\/span>“<\/b> [5]<\/span><\/p>\n

maritime lien<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. See LIEN.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

maritime loan<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1<\/span>. See LOAN.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

maritime peril<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span>
\n(1866)<\/span><\/p>\n

1. A danger or risk arising from navigating or being at sea.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

maritime service<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1.<\/strong> Maritime law<\/em>. Work performed in connection with a ship or commerce on navigable waters, such as service to preserve a ship\u2019s crew, cargo, or equipment.<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 aka marine service<\/span><\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

maritime state<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span>
\n(18c)<\/span><\/p>\n

1.<\/strong> Hist. The collective officers and mariners of the British navy.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

maritime tort<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. See TORT.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

market<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong>
\nn<\/em>. (bef. 12c)<\/span><\/p>\n

l. A place of commercial activity in which goods or services are bought and sold<\/strong> <the farmers\u2019 market>. \u2014 aka mart<\/strong><\/em><\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

2. A geographic area or demographic segment considered as a place of demand for particular goods or services; especially prospective purchasers of goods, wherever they are<\/strong> <the foreign market for microchips>. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

3.<\/strong> Hist<\/em>. The privilege of having a public market. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

4. The opportunity for buying and selling goods or services; the extent of economic demand<\/strong> <a strong job market for accountants>. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

5. A securities or commodities exchange<\/strong> <the stock market closed early because of the blizzard>. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

6. The business of such an exchange; the enterprise of buying and selling securities or commodities<\/strong> <the stock market is approaching an all-time high>. <\/span><\/p>\n

7. The price at which the buyer and seller of a security or\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>commodity agree<\/strong> <the market for wheat is $8 per bushel>.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>[1]<\/span><\/p>\n

admiralty lien<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. A lien<\/a> on a vessel enforceable by a suit in rem<\/em> in admiralty<\/a> for repairs, supplies, towage, use of dry dock or marine railway, or other necessaries\u00a0<\/span>furnished to the vessel.\u00a0 2 Am J2d Adm 24<\/span>. <\/span><\/strong>[3]<\/span><\/p>\n

admiralitas<\/em><\/span>:<\/span><\/strong>
\nn<\/em>. [Law Latin]
\n(18c)<\/span><\/p>\n

l. Admiralty; an admiralty court. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. SOCIETAS NAVALIS.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

admiral\u2019s mast<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. See MAST (1).<\/strong> [1]<\/span><\/p>\n

admiral<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. An officer of the Navy of the highest rank, the typical command being the entire Navy or a fleet.
\n<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0See rear admiral<\/em>; vice admiral<\/em>.\u00a0<\/span>[3]<\/span><\/p>\n

First Lord of the Admiralty<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

1.<\/strong>\u00a0Hist.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>In Great Britain, a minister and one of the lord commissioners who presided over the navy.\u00a0 *\u00a0 The First Lord was assisted by other lords, called Sea Lords, and various secretaries.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Admiralty Extension Act<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. A 1948 statute extending admiralty-tort jurisdiction to include all cases in which damage or injury is caused by a vessel on navigable water, regardless of where the Injury<\/a> or damage<\/a> occurred 46 USCA app. \u00a7 740.\u00a0 *\u00a0 Specifically, the Act extended jurisdiction over damages and injuries that a vessel causes on land, such as to bridges and piers or to people on them.\u00a0<\/strong>\u2014\u00a0<\/span>Abbr. AEA.<\/span>\u00a0[1]<\/span><\/p>\n

Bottomry<\/span><\/a> – a contract executed by the master of a vessel, promising repayment of advances made to supply the ship plus interest: the performance is secured by a pledge. of the “bottom” of the ship, which is the ship itself: payment of principal and interest are risks of the lender, as repayment depends upon successful voyage.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Droits of Admiralty<\/span><\/a> – the Lord High Admiral\u2019s rights to goods which have been abandoned or captured at sea in time fo war by a non-commissioned ship, to be redistributed to the public.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

References:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Disclaimer:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> All material throughout this website is pertinent to people everywhere, and is being utilized in accordance with Fair Use<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

[1]:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Black’s Law Dictionary <\/a><\/span><\/strong>Deluxe Tenth Edition<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em> by Henry Campbell Black, Editor in Chief Bryan A. Garner. ISBN: 978-0-314-61300-4<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[2]: Ballantine’s Law Dictionary <\/a>Legal Assistant Edition<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>by Jack Ballantine\u00a0(James Arthur 1871-1949).\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Doctored<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>by\u00a0Jack G. Handler,\u00a0J.D.<\/a>\u00a0\u00a9 1994 Delmar by Thomson Learning.\u00a0 ISBN 0-8273-4874-6.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[3]:\u00a0Ballantine\u2019s Law Dictionary\u00a0with Pronunciations
\n<\/em>Third Edition<\/a>\u00a0by James A. Ballantine\u00a0(James Arthur 1871-1949).\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Edited by William S. Anderson.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a9 1969 by THE LAWYER\u2019S CO-OPERATIVE PUBLISHING COMPANY.\u00a0 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 68-30931<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[4]:\u00a01 Steven F. Friedell, Benedict on Admiralty<\/em><\/a> \u00a7 103, at 7-5 (7th ed. 1996).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[5]:\u00a0Thomas J. Schoenbaum,\u00a0Admiralty and Maritime Law\u00a0<\/em>122 (1987)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

******************************************<\/span><\/p>\n

Back to Types of Pleadings<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Essential Terminology<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Intro to U.S. Law<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Legal Precepts Adopted (from Europe) into The U.S. Constitution<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a7 <\/span><\/strong>\u00a7<\/span><\/span><\/strong> of Law Embedded into the Constitution Pursuant to the American Revolution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Indian Country Law<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Federal Rules of Procedure<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

This website is being broadcast for\u00a0First Amendment purposes<\/a>\u00a0courtesy of<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Question(s)?\u00a0 Suggestion(s)?
\nLike to offer financial support?
\nEmail WIldWillpowerPAC@gmail.com.
\n<\/span>We look forward to hearing from you!<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Below section is unedited.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Note: As with many “legal system” related websites & videos, there is a bit of paranoia embedded into the below video’s explanation. \u00a0Most of this is caused from a lack of knowledge, to which the rest of this website will bring into view to help clarify in order to enable you to see the reasons the legal system is constructed in the manner that it is.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n