{"id":14028,"date":"2018-02-16T00:40:31","date_gmt":"2018-02-16T00:40:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14028"},"modified":"2023-04-16T15:53:00","modified_gmt":"2023-04-16T15:53:00","slug":"various-forms-of-lawful-arrest","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14028","title":{"rendered":"Types of Lawful Arrests:"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This page is continued from <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13493\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Criminal Proceedings<\/a> &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13643\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1. The Arrest, Search and Seizure, and Booking<\/a> &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">i. The Arrest &#8211; lawful or unlawful?<\/a>:<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">********************<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">lawful arrest<\/span>:<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong>(18c)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>1.<\/strong> <strong>The taking of a person into legal custody either under a valid warrant or on probable cause that the person has committed a crime. <\/strong>\u2014 aka <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><strong>arrest by warrant<\/strong><\/em><\/span>; <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><strong>warrant arrest<\/strong><\/em><\/span>. [1]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\">1. An arrest based upon a legal warrant or otherwise based upon probable cause.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong>2. A proper civil arrest.<\/strong> [2]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300; font-size: 18pt;\">Related Terms, Doctrines, etc.:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14203\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">knock-and-announce rule<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> &#8211; officers must knock and announce their identity, authority, and purpose before entering a residence to execute an<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14066\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arrest warrant<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">or search warrant. <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2014 aka<strong> <em>knock-and-notice rule<\/em><\/strong><em>.<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">no-knock search warrant<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> &#8211; a type of search warrant that authorizes exception to the<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14203\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">knock-and-announce rule<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> because a prior announcement would probably lead to the destruction of the objects searched for,\u00a0 or compromise someone(s) safety.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14230\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">posse comitatus<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; a group of citizens summoned by a sheriff or other peace officer to assist him in maintaining order or making an arrest. <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2014 Often shortened to<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><strong> posse<\/strong><\/em><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt; color: #993300;\">Various Forms of Lawful Arrests:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14074\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warranted arrest<\/a><\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; an arrest made under authority of a warrant.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14066\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arrest warrant<\/a><\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2013 issued by a disinterested magistrate shown probable cause; directs a law-enforcement officer to arrest and take a person into custody. <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2014 aka<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong> <em>warrant of arrest<\/em><\/strong><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14235\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">return of warrant<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; a return of an arrest warrant, by the officer to whom it was given, showing substantially that the officer operated within the scope of proper execution.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14052\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">warrantless arrest<\/span><\/a> &#8211; a legal arrest, without a warrant, carried out by a peace officer or private citizen, when there&#8217;s absolute certainty or probable cause that a crime was committed by the suspect.<\/span><\/strong> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u2014 aka <em><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">arrest without a warrant<\/span><\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14056\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">citizen&#8217;s arrest<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; an arrest by a private person on grounds that (1) a public offense was committed in their presence, or (2) they have reasonable cause to believe the arrestee has committed a felony.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14219\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rearrest<\/a><\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; a warrantless arrest due to escape from custody, violation of parole or probation, or failure to appear in court.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14227\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">turnover arrest<\/span><\/a><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong> &#8211; made by a security guard who holds the suspect, usually a shoplifter, until the police arrive and then turns the suspect over to them.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff; font-size: 18pt;\">criminal arrest<\/span> &#8211;<\/strong> (1818) <strong>An arrest made on suspicion, especially on probable cause, that the person has committed a crime.<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff; font-size: 18pt;\">material-witness arrest<\/span> &#8211;<\/strong> (1968) <strong>An arrest and detention of a witness to a crime for the purpose of inducing the witness to provide material evidence to investigators or prosecutors.\u00a0 *\u00a0 This type of arrest requires a warrant based on probable cause.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff; font-size: 18pt;\">parol arrest<\/span> &#8211;<\/strong> (1904)<strong> An arrest ordered by a judge or magistrate from the bench, without written complaint, and executed immediately, such as an arrest of a person who breaches the peace in open court.<\/strong>\u00a0 See CONTEMPT.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff; font-size: 18pt;\">mental-hygiene arrest<\/span> &#8211;<\/strong> (2004)<strong> The arrest of a person who appears to be mentally ill and is behaving in a manner likely to result in serious harm to self or others, the purpose of the arrest usually being for immediate hospitalization.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff; font-size: 18pt;\">civil arrest<\/span> &#8211;<\/strong> ( 18c) <em>Hist<\/em>. <strong>An arrest and detention of a civil-suit defendant until bail is posted or a judgment is paid.\u00a0 *\u00a0 Civil arrest is prohibited in most states.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff00ff; font-size: 18pt;\">arrest on final process<\/span> &#8211;<\/strong> ( 18c) <em>Hist<\/em>. <strong>Arrest in a civil case after the conclusion of a trial. <\/strong>\u2014 aka <em><strong>arrest in execution<\/strong><\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff; font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>arrest on mesne <\/strong><em>(&#8220;meen&#8221;)<\/em><strong> process<\/strong><\/span> <strong>&#8211;<\/strong> (18c) <em>Hist<\/em>. <strong>Arrest in a civil case before trial takes place. <\/strong>[1]<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">References:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Disclaimer:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\"> All material throughout this website is compiled in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=2191\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fair Use<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>[1]: <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=5154#sdfootnote1anc\" name=\"sdfootnote1sym\">Black\u2019s Law Dictionary\u00a0Deluxe Tenth Edition\u00a0by Henry Campbell Black &amp; Editor in Chief Bryan A. Garner<\/a>. ISBN: 978-0-314-62130-6<\/b><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>[2]: <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=9167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ballantine\u2019s Law Dictionary\u00a0<\/a><\/b><\/span><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=9167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>with Pronunciations<br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=9167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Third Edition<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>by James A. Ballantine\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/strong><em><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>(James Arthur 1871-1949).\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/em><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Edited by William S. Anderson.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a9 1969 by THE LAWYER\u2019S CO-OPERATIVE PUBLISHING COMPANY.\u00a0 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 68-30931<\/b><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>[3]:\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ballantine\u2019s Law Dictionary <\/a><\/b><\/span><\/strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/\/?page_id=7679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Legal Assistant Edition<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/em><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b><br \/>\nby Jack Ballantine\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/strong><em><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>(James Arthur 1871-1949).\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawyeredu.org\/what-is-a-juris-doctorate-degree.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Doctored<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/strong><em><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><strong><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>by\u00a0Jack G. Handler,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawyeredu.org\/what-is-a-juris-doctorate-degree.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">J.D.<\/a>\u00a0\u00a9 1994 Delmar by Thomson Learning.\u00a0 ISBN 0-8273-4874-6.<\/b><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">*******************************<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">Back to <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">i. The Arrest &#8211; lawful or unlawful?<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">Back to <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=13643\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1. 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The Arrest, Search and Seizure, and Booking &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; i. The Arrest &#8211; lawful or unlawful?: ******************** lawful arrest: (18c) 1. The taking of a person into legal custody either under a valid warrant or on probable cause that the person has committed a crime. \u2014 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=14028\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Types of Lawful Arrests:<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":14523,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14028","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14028","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14028"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14028\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18420,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14028\/revisions\/18420"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14523"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14028"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}