{"id":10400,"date":"2017-12-08T18:14:07","date_gmt":"2017-12-08T18:14:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=10400"},"modified":"2018-02-08T18:44:24","modified_gmt":"2018-02-08T18:44:24","slug":"various-degrees-of-theft","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/reunitethestates.org\/?page_id=10400","title":{"rendered":"Theft – taking something to which one is not entitled, by any means"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This page is continued from Criminal Law Self-Help<\/a> >>>> Types of Crimes and Corresponding Laws<\/a>:
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theft<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span>
\nn<\/em>. (bef. 12c)<\/span><\/p>\n

l. The wrongful taking and removing <\/span>of another\u2019s personal property with the intent of depriving the true owner of it;<\/span> larceny<\/a>. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. Broadly, any act or instance of stealing, including<\/span> larceny<\/a>, burglary, embezzlement, and false pretenses.\u00a0 *\u00a0 Many modern penal codes have consolidated such property offenses under the name \u201ctheft.\u201d <\/span><\/strong>\u2014 aka (in Latin)<\/span> crimen furti<\/strong><\/em><\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0[1]<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Larceny.\u00a0 A broader term than larceny, including other forms of wrongful deprivation of the property of another.<\/span>\u00a0 32 Am J1st Larc \u00a7 2<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The word is defined as a fraudulent taking of corporeal personal property belonging to another from his possession, or from the possession of some person holding the same from him, without his consent, with intent to deprive the owner of the value of the same, and to appropriate it to the use or benefit of the person taking.\u00a0 The taking must be wrongful, so that if the property came into the possession of the person accused of theft by lawful means, the subsequent appropriation of it is not theft, but if the taking, though originally lawful, was obtained by any false pretext, or with any intent to deprive the owner of the value thereof, and appropriate the property to the use and benefit of the person taking, and the same to appropriated, the offense of theft is complete.\u00a0<\/span> Anno: 30 ALR 663<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong> [2]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Larceny.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

2. In a broader sense, taking something to which one is not entitled, whatever the means (for EXAMPLE, whether by embezzlement, extortion, fraud, or outright robbery); stealing.<\/strong> [3]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Excerpt from Rollin M. Perkins & Ronald N. Boyce’s<\/span> Criminal Law<\/em><\/a> (3d ed. 1982):<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c[Tlhe distinctions between larceny, embezzlement and false pretenses serve no useful purpose in the criminal <\/span><\/span><\/strong>law but are useless handicaps from the standpoint of the administration of criminal justice. One solution has been to combine all three in one section of the code under the name of ‘larceny<\/a>.\u2019\u00a0 This has one disadvantage, however, because it frequently becomes necessary to add a modifier to make clear whether the reference is to common-la H larceny or to statutory larceny. To avoid this difficulty some states have employed another word to designate a statutory offense made up of a combination of larceny<\/a>, embezzlement, and false pretenses.\u00a0 And the word used for this purpose is \u2018theft.\u2019\u00a0 ‘Theft\u2019 is not the name of any common-law offense.\u00a0 At times it has been employed as a synonym of \u2018larceny<\/a>,\u2019 but for the most part has been regarded as broader in its general scope.\u00a0 Under such a statute it is not necessary for the indictment charging theft to specify whether the offense is larceny, embezzlement or false prev tenses.<\/span>\u201d<\/strong> [2]<\/span><\/p>\n

steal<\/span>:<\/span><\/strong>
\nvb<\/em> (bef. 12c)<\/span><\/p>\n

1. To take (personal property) illegally with the intent to keep it unlawfully.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. To take (something) by larceny, embezzlement, or false pretenses.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Various Forms of Theft:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

cybertheft. See CYBERTHEF’i\u2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

identity theft. See IDENTIFY THEFT.<\/span><\/p>\n

petty theft. (16c) A theft of a small quantity of cash or of low-value goods or services.\u00a0 This offense is usally. a <\/span>misdemeanor.<\/span><\/p>\n

theft by deception. (1930) The use of trickery to obtain another\u2019s property, especially. by (1) creating or reinforcing a false impression (as about value), (2) preventing one from obtaining information that would affect one\u2019s judgment about a transaction, or (3) failing to disclose, in a property transfer, a known lien or other legal 1mpediment. Model Penal Code \u00a7 223.<\/span><\/p>\n

theft by extortion. (1969) Larceny in which the perpetrator obtains property by threatening to (1) inflict bodily harm on anyone or commit any other criminal offense, (2) accuse anyone of a criminal offense, (3) expose any secret tending to subject any person to hatred, contempt, or ridicule, or impair one\u2019s credit or business reputation, (4) take or withhold action as an official, or cause an official to take or withhold action, (5) bring about or continue a strike, boycott, or other collective unofficial action, if the property is not demanded or received for the benefit of the group in whose interest the actor purports to act, (6) testify or provide information or withhold testimony or information with respect to another\u2019s legal claim or defense, or (7) inflict any other harm that would not benefit the <\/span>actor. Model Penal Code \u00a7 223.4. \u2014 aka larceny by extortion<\/strong><\/em><\/span>.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

theft by false pretext. (1888) The use of a false pretext to obtain another\u2019s property.<\/span><\/p>\n

theft by finding. See larceny by finding<\/em> under LARCENY.<\/span><\/p>\n

theft of property lost, mislaid, or delivered by mistake. (1973) Larceny in which one obtains control of property the person knows to be lost, mislaid, or delivered by mistake (esp. in the amount of property or identity of recipient) and fails to take reasonable measures to restore the property to the rightful owner. Model Penal Code \u00a7 223.5. \u2014 aka larceny of property lost, mislaid, or delivered by mistake<\/strong><\/em><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

theft of services. (1946) The act of obtaining services from another by deception, threat, coercion, stealth, mechanical tampering, or using a false token or device. See Model Penal Code \u00a7 223.7.<\/span><\/p>\n

thefibote. (theft-boht) See BOTE (3).<\/span><\/p>\n

theftuous:adj (14c)1. (Of an act) characterized by theft. <\/span><\/p>\n

2. (Of a person) given to stealing. \u2014 also spelled theftous<\/strong><\/span>. <\/em>[1]
\n<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

References:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Disclaimer:<\/span><\/span><\/strong> All material throughout this website is pertinent to people everywhere, and is being utilized in accordance with Fair Use<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]: Black\u2019s Law Dictionary\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/strong>Deluxe Tenth Edition<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/em>\u00a0by Henry Campbell Black, Editor in Chief Bryan A. Garner. ISBN: 978-0-314-61300-4<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[2]: Ballantine\u2019s Law Dictionary\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/strong>with Pronunciations<\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/em>Third Edition<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0by James A. Ballantine\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>(James Arthur 1871-1949).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Edited by William S. Anderson.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a9 1969 by THE LAWYER\u2019S CO-OPERATIVE PUBLISHING COMPANY.\u00a0 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 68-30931<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[3]: Ballantine\u2019s Law Dictionary\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/strong>Legal Assistant Edition<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/em>by Jack Ballantine\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>(James Arthur 1871-1949).\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Doctored<\/span><\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/em>by\u00a0Jack G. Handler,\u00a0J.D.<\/a>\u00a0\u00a9 1994 Delmar by Thomson Learning.\u00a0 ISBN 0-8273-4874-6.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[4]: Rollin M. Perkins & Ronald N. Boyce, Criminal Law<\/em><\/a> 389-90 (3d ed. 1982).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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